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COElfRIGHT DEPOStE 



"Lest We Forget" 



The Record 



of 



North Carolina's Own 



COPYRIGHTED 1920 

By JOSIAH CLARK BROWN 



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Wennonah Cotton Mills 

Company 



Manufacturers of 



White and G)lored G)tton Goods 



LEXINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 



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Exclusively Wholesale 

AUTOMOBILE JOBBERS 

ACCESSORIES AND 

AND MANUFACTURES' 
PARTS AGENTS 

307 North Front Street' _^^ 

WILMINGTON, - NORTH CAROLINA 



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Selling Agents 

F. U. Stearns & Compaany 

9 Thomas St., New York 



Concord, North Carolina 



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J. H. MAYES, Pre». S. N. BOYCE, Vice-Pres. W. M. BOYCE, Sec. & Treas. 



REX SPINNING COMPANY 



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GASTONIA, - - N. C. 



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HAMMER LUMBER COMPANY 

Manufacturers and Wholesale 

Lumber Dealers 



807 Murchisou Building 



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EVERYTHLNG FOR THE MILL 



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WILLIAM M. LLOYD COMPANY 



LUMBER MERCHANTS 

Charlotte, North Carolina 

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J. p. WIGGINS, Pres. J W. WIGGINS, Vice-Pres. J. L. WIGGINS, Sec.-Treas 

Wiggins-Spencer Conipim y 

INCORPORATED 

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311 West First St. 
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History of The 30th Division 



(By J. V. Clarke.) 



To be one of the first Southern divisions to reach 
France, to be the first American division to march 
into Belgium and further to be a division to win 
undying fame by breaking the supposedly impreg- 
nable Hindenburg line, that were honor enough for 
anyone, and yet the Thirtieth division like its name- 
sake, "Old Hickory," of old, bears its distinctions with 
becoming modesty. They came, they saw, they con- 
quered, and yet each of the man who fought believes 
he but did his duty. 

Modesty is the keynote of the true warriors of 
today. They did; they did not talk about what they 
were to do. They made opportunities if there were 
none available and then they were ready for those 
opportunities when they arrived. And when this op- 
portunity to perfor ma duty took them into the ene- 
mies' country far from aid and forced them to per- 
form feats of great valor — why this was but the call 
to duty, and they were merely answering that call. 

DUT YIS FOREMOST 

Imbued with this spirit of "life and all for duty," 
these doughty warriors of the Old Hickory division 
could well be suposed to perform tasks which would 
seem to the ordinary individual as all but impossible. 
It was with this spirit of always forward and never 
a thought of turning back which was responsible for 
the numerous decorations and citations of men and 
officers of this division and it was this same spirit 
again which caused the renowned and redoubtable 
Hindenburg line to melt away before their approach. 

"Impossible, it can't be done," was a phrase no 
American warrior had learned and much less could it 
ever be thought that such a sentence had ever oc- 
curred to the boys from the South who' had named 
their division after that indomitable warrior and states- 
man — Andrew Jackson. 



They had long learned that "in the bright lexi- 
con of youth there is no such word as fail," and they 
were young, with fighting blood and the blue of the 
SoHth flowed through their veins. Mountaineers, 
some from the mountains of Carolina and Tennessee, 
farmers, others, and still more were lawyers, doc- 
tors, lawyers — every profession — for the Thirtieth 
division was composed largely of National Guard units 
and in the volunteer organizations, of course could be 
found the best blood of the states. There was also 
in this division many of Chattanooga's own and every 
Chattanoogan held the whole division unto himself for 
this i-eason and watched and aided its progress from 
camp to battle and back again and at last home. 

CALLED INTO SERVICE 

Shortly after the war broke out with Germany 
and the United States announced its intentions of 
putting not only money but men and guns also at work 
to help the Allies and down the Hun from his lofty 
throne, the National Guard units were called upon 
and later sworn into Federal service. Some of these 
units as in the case of those in the Carolinas had just 
returned from Me.xican border duty and were so well 
prepared with little extra training for the real work 
of fighting. Included among these were the Charle.s- 
ton Light Dragoons, the Irish Volunteers, the Wash- 
ington Light Infantry, the Fusiliers and the Sumpter 
Guards — each a volunteer militia organization in the 
city of Charleston. 

These were callefl together, additional units from 
other states were added, chiefly from Tennessee and 
North Carolina and were sent to camp at Greenville, 
S. C. Here at Camp Sevier the division was organ- 
ized and divided into all of the various units a division 
should have. It was then the 117th, 118t8h, 119th, 
and 120th regiments of infantry which were later to 



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E. H. CLEMENT CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



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Compliments of 



The Charlotte Coca-Cola Bottling Co. 



BELL PHONE 379 P. O. BOX NO. 422 





EXHILARATING ##Zr2K^M^A#S^ REFRESHING 



BOTTLED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, ATLANTA 
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CHARLOTTE, N. C. 



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FEB -7 ,92u 



play such a part in the destruction of the Hindenbur},' 
line, had their beginning. At this time, too, the 
113th, 114th and 115th regiments of Field Artillery 
became so organized and known. The headquarters 
troops, machine gun battalions, sanitary squads and 
the 105th ammunition train also had their appear- 
ance. When the organization was effected, the divi- 
sion was known as the Thirtieth division and was 
under the command of Major General Read. Some 
drafted units were taken into the division and the 
training continued. 

DRILL AD INFINITUM 

Long months passed in which there was but little 
drilling, drills and more drills. Long hikes for the 
infantry were almost daily features and the "squads 
right and's(iuads left" were commands so drummed 
into the heads of the prospective fighters that they 
even commanded themselves in their sleep. The can- 
tonment at Camp Sevier became a scene of gruelling 
preparations for the fight to come. But off from the 
camp and when they were on leave, the rigors of prep- 
aration were forgotten in the splendid receptions ac- 
corded the members of the division in Greenville, 
Spartanburg and Columbia and Charleston, which 
some managed to visit. Quickly the South got her 
stride in war work and long before the boys left camp 
for overseas, they had been welcomed time and again 
by the Southern firesides and had enjoyed to the full- 
est the warm hospitality of the South. 

These kind thoughts and remembrances of the 
Carolinas and of the people there served to keep up 
their spirits when marching to the front, and it was 
this same knowledge of the loved ones waiting at home 
which fired their courage in the hour of battle. 

And the people of this side for their part most 
anxiously scanned the news for the slightest word 
of their own boys, as they loved to call them, and kept 
constantly inquiring as to their welfare. Thus, when 
the word of action finaly came, there was not a heart 
that was not glad even though mother or sweetheart 
or daughter knew thai) the next report would bring 
tears to the eyes of many. This telepathic sympathy 
urged the boys on overseas and when their great deeds 



were done, it gave those who remained a joy seldom 
equaled to be told at last that they were on their way 
home and that the ships upon which the majority of 
them would come would dock at their own Southport 
of Chai-leston and that they would then be for a short 
time at Camp Jackson and then home for good. This 
was even true of the selectmen of the Middle West 
who had been drawn upon to fill out the number in 
the division so amply founded by the National Guard 
units from North and South Carolina and Tennessee. 

AMERICAN BORN 

Very truly the Thirtieth division was an 
American division and could as easily have possessed 
the name "All-American" as the Eighty-.second to 
whom it was finally applied. The Thirtieth person- 
nel was more than ninety-five per cent, of American 
born parents. But the Thirtieth possessed the name 
and fire of Old Hickory and was satisfied. The rec- 
ord the division eventually made overseas showed that 
a more appropriate name than the one selected could 
have hardly been chosen. 

Time passed and the training was being gotten 
down to a system. The fine point.> of bayonetting^ 
Huns, of tossing bombs, of manning machine guns 
an dthree inch guns were being explained an das read- 
ily assimilated. The work was coming splendidly and 
the division commander was becoming satisfied that 
his division was about prepared to leave the training 
area, quit its sham battles and sail to the real seat of 
activities in France. Toward the middle of April, 
19188, a war department inspection was ordered which 
was very favorable and after that it was but a few 
brief days before the troops had received their over- 
seas orders. 

During the first of May, the removal was made, 
the necessary overseas supplies procured and upon the 
eleventh of that same month the division left Ho- 
boken, N. J., and was en route to France. Calais was 
reached toward the last of the month and the twenty- 
fourth of May found the Thirtieth division landed 
and on their way to the Eperlocques training area. 
Here it was their task to undo quite a bit of what had 
been learned in America and to prepare in a practical 



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TEXTILE MILL SUPPLY CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



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EDWARD S. REID CO. 
Cotton Yarn Broker 

Yarns of all Description and Counts 

Sole Selling Agent Hampton Cotton 

Mills 

Of Hampton, Ga. 

Correspondence Solicited 

Commercial Bldg. Charlotte, N. C. 

366 Broadway, N. Y. 



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SANDERS, SMITH & CO. 



Cotton 



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N. C. 



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Cotton Yarn Broker 

404 COMMERCIAL BANK BUILDING 
CHARLOTTE, N. C. 






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CORLISS ENGINE AND PUMP REPAIRS 
A SPECIALTY. 

W. G. JARRELL MACHINE CO. 

Office Phone 367. Night Call 2006-F. 

Shafting, Hangers and Pulleys Furnished and Erected. 

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M.\CHINERY INSTALLED AND REPAIRED 

New Machines Built to Order 
Repair Work Solicited 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



9 



way for the real job of fighting. But even while 
they were training, the division officers were seeing 
some of the real dificulties of warfare and experienc- 
ing some advance thrills in reconnoitering the Terle- 
ghen switch line, south of Casel, which was destined 
for early atack. During the time complete plans for 
occupation of this line by forced marches in case of 
emergency were formulated. 

FRONT LINE AHEAD 

For the majority, training continued harder and 
with an ever more increasing certainty that seen every 



atom of knowledge leanied would be needed, for they 
were eharing rumors that they would soon be going 
into line. But like all rumors this was a trifle ahead 
of time and it was still to be some months or more 
before the Americans got into actual contact with the 
enemy. But the enemy should only thank their stars 
for that fact, because the sooner Americans were in 
the line, the sooner was Kaiser Bill to give up the 
ghost. Yet, the officers wished to take no chances 
and desired that the utmost amount of training be 
giveo their men before actual contact with the enemy 
was made. And it was probably just as well that this 




THIRTIETH DIVISION HEADQUAR- 
TERS IN FRANCE JUST BEFORE 
THE WAR ENDED 



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HERE IS A CAMOUFLAGED GUN ON 
THE BATTLE FRONT IN CHARGE OF 
NORTH CAROLINA MEN. EXPERTS 
STATED THIS WAS ONE OF THE BEST 
PIECES OF CAMOUFLAGING SEEN 
ANYWHERE DURING THE WAR. 




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INTERSTATE MILLING CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



Compliments of 



S. E. SEHORN 



L. M. HIPP 



SEHORN & HIPP 

Jobbers 

VEHICLES AND FARM MACHINERY 

Automobiles, Trucks and Tractors 

Harness, Bicycles, Etc. 
EVERYTHING FOR THE FARM 

TELEPHONE 205 AND 1885. 

Office and Salesroom; New Four-Story Building 

Adjoining City Auditorium 211 and 213 

North College St. 

CHARLOTTE, N. C. 



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Charlotte, N. C. 

Capital and Surplus _ $1,500,000.00 
Do a General Banking. 

Pay 4 per cent Time and Savings 
Deposits 



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General Office 



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11 





SCENE SHOWING A "ZEP" HANGAR AT COBLENZ, 

GERMANY 



AMERICAN AND ENEMY DEAD 
IN FRANCE 



was done. For certainly few troops were called to 
face in their first battle the many obstacles and almost 
insurmountable difficulties which this division was 
called upon to face. 

Shortly before the Thirtieth was to complete 
its training period, the di\ision was transferred to the 
Second British Army Corps, Second Army in the 
Ypres sector. This was to be in support in case of 
the unexpected German offensive. If the offensive 
had materialized as soon as it was expected, it would 
have meant that the division would have seen action 
earlier than it did, and that its training period would 
have been correspondingly shortened. As it was, 
training continued without undue excitement until 
July, 1918. 

INTO BELGIUM 

By July the training was about completed and 
real work lay ahead, but for a time this was to be 
behind the lines and to consist of much trench and 
wire construction work. On the Fourth of July, some 
one hundred and forty-two years after the signing 
of the American Declaration of Independence, the Thir- 
tieth division the first division to enter the kingdom 
of "Fighting Albert," a hero of freedom, marched into 
Belgium. Headquarters were taken at Watau in or- 



der that clo.se touch might be maintained with the 
Thirty-third and Forty-ninth British divisions. Here 
the division was employed in constructin gthe East and 
West Poperinghe defense systems immediately in the 
rear of the two British divisions and received much 
experience in performing this kind of work as well as 
aiding materialy the British divisions. 

While the defense systems were being prepared 
much trench wire entanglement work was done. The 
Americans were told they were preparing the defense 
for occupancy in case of a German attack and forced 
wtihdrawal of the British division ahead — oi'ders to 
this effect were issued. Front line training was now 
given the members of the Thirtieth and the repre- 
sentatives of Old Hickory as individuals and later as 
platoons and last by battalions were placed in the front 
line trenches along with the members of the Thirty- 
third and Forty-ninth divisions. This was the last 
preparation made for the final flinging in on the front 
line the whole o fthe Thirtieth division. 

RELIEVES BRITISH 

By now it was August. The fifteenth had passed, 
in a day or two was to come the long expected order 
to the front lines and for themselves. On August 17, 
the order was in force and b ythe evening of that 



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F. C. ABBOTT & CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



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12 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



Compliments of 

The Union National Bank of Charlotte 

Capital, $200,000.00 

Surplus, _$100,000.00 

H. M. Victor, President D. P. Tillett, Cashier 

F. D. Alexander, Vice-President A. G. Trotter, Asst. Cashier 

CHARLOTTE, N. C. 

Compliments of 

J. H. WEARN, President W. R. WEARN, Secretary 

GEO. W. WEARN, Vice-President K. R. TROTTER, Treasurer 

J. H. WEARN & CO. 

Manufacturers of 

SHOP WORK 

Charlotte, N. C. 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



13 



same day the Thirtieth had taken over the entire sec- 
tor occupied by the Thirty-third British division, the 
Sixtieth brigade being in the front line with the Fifty- 
ninth brigade in support. The sector taken over was 
known as the Canal sector and extended from the 
southern outskirts of Ypres to the vicinity of Veerme- 
zeele, a distance of 2,400 meters, or about 3,000 yards. 
By the last of the month the men had become 
well familiarized with life in the trenches and were 
eager for action. This was not to be denied them 
long for the British had long been planning an offen- 
sive and on August 31 an dthe following day, Septem- 
ber 1, the Thirtieth division tasted its first real battle. 
With the Fourteenth British on the left and the Twen- 
ty-seventh division on the right the offensive was 
made, the Americans scoring a singular success for 
their initial fight. The Thirtieth captured all of its 
objectives, iiuiuding Lock No. 8, Lankfarm, and the 
city of Veermezeele, advancing 1,500 yards. Several 
prisoners and guns were also captured. 

THINGS LIVEN UP 

This was the beginning and a good one. Various 
positions were now occupied by the Thii"tieth and for a 
time it was placed in the General Headquarters British 
reserve with headquarters at Rolleecourt, France. On 
September 22 the division was moed to the British 
Fourth army with headquarters at Bois de Buire, near 
Timcourt. Here a front line sector was taken over 
from the First Australian Division on the night of Sep- 




tember 23-24. Then on September 29 with the Twen- 
ty-seventh American division on the left and the Brit- 
ish Forty-sixth on the right, the Division began the 
famous assault which has made the glorious record of 
the Thirtieth a bright spot in histoiy. It was that of- 
fensive which broke the toited Hindenburg line and 
crumpled for the first time the haughty spirit of the 
Germans by proving to them that the Americans i-ec- 
ognized no thing as impi-egnable. 

The Hindenburg line was the pride of the German 
general and was a remaikabie work of fortification and 
defense. Three main trench systems pi-otected by vast 
fields of barbed wire, scarcely touched by artillery fire 
and unusually heavy, a tunnel through which flowed a 
deep canal, and scores of machine gun emplacements 
covering the approach From any angle and able to bring 
at once a withering fii-e upon any point of attack. Other 
tunnels ran out from the main tunnel and the whole 
subteri-anean system of entrances and exits and tun- 
nels was guarded by thousands of Germans and be- 
lieved absolutely impossible to capture. But after a 
few hours of fighting the Americans had gone through 
and the Thirtieth had gone on for 4,200 yards on a 
front of 3,000 yards. 

LIKE NEW YORKERS 

Mention has been made of the Twenty-seventh di- 
vision being on the left of the Thirtieth division in this 
engagement. This was the famous New York division 
which had trained at Spai-tanburg, S. C. Major General 
John F. O'Ryan commanded this unit and was always 
on the best terms with Major General Read in com- 



THIS IS A GERMAN TRUCK CAP- 
TURED BY AMERICANS. IN TRYING 
TO RECAPTURE THE WAGON THE 
GERMANS WERE BEATEN OFF BUT 
SUCCEEDED IN PUNCTURING THE 
GASOLINE TANK WITH BULLETS. 
THE YANKS, HOWEVER, DROVE TO 
SAFETY BY FEEDING. GAS FROM AN 
OILCAN. 



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W.J. EDWARDS 

Charlotte, N. C. 



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Cars— 



Compiiments of 



11 




J. H. HAM 



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THE CAR WITH THE HALF MILLION DOLLAR MOTOR 
Wholesale Distributor 
NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA 
19 West Fourth St. — Phone 352 — C. F. CATO, Parts Manager 
C. J. MITCHELL, Assistant Sales Manager 



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Julian Herndon 




LEE TIRE SALES CO. 



Carolinas Distributors 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



15 



mand of the Thirtieth. In fact, so close a friendship 
developed between the two divisions and their chiefs 
that they became known as the Sister divisions and 
received equal praise for the breaking of the Hinden- 
burg line. Together on the momentous night of Sep- 
tember 29, 1918, they went over the top and they kept 
going until the objectives had been obtained. The loss 
of lil'e was heavy and hundreds were wounded and 
killed but the line was broken and with it the proud 
Hun spirit. 

Five times had the attempt to break the line been 
made before the Americans took their place in the line, 
but with a bulldog determination, the Americans, North 
and South, had agreed that there would be no sixth 
failure — and the si.xth attempt was a success. 



How great the fight was and what had to be done 
is best told outside the casualty list by the great num- 
ber of medals and awards for valor which were made 
for work above and beyond the call of duty during this 
fight. In the 117th Infantry of the Thirtieth division 
alone, commanded by Col. Carey F. Spence, of Knox- 
ville, Tenn., there were 124 officers and men decorated. 
So severe was the fighting that within an hour after 
the fighting began the majority of the officers had 
been wounded and put out of action, while non-com- 
missioned officers continued in the lead and at times 
only privates led privates. It was, indeed, an awful 
job, but it was successfully done — and success was 
what the Americans were after, for success in battle 
meant the putting down of the Hun rule and the begm- 



IN THE VICINITY OF VERDUN, 

FRENCH SCENE SHOWING HOW THE 

TERRIFIC FIRE STRIPPED TREES IN 
NO MANS LAND. 



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STREET SCENE IN DESOLATED ETAIN 



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ATLANTIC MARBLE & TILE CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 



Southern Manufacturing Company 



Manufacturers of 



ALL OVER AND ALL OVER 




COW HIDE OVER-ALLS AND COATS 



WASH PANTS and SHIRTS 



19 EAST THIRD ST. 



Trade Mark Registered 
None Better Made — They Never Rip 



CHARLOTTE, 



N. C. 



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J. N. MARTIN, Mgr. 



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Compliments of 
SOUTHERN OAKLAND COMPANY 

DISTRIBUTORS FOR NORTH CAROLINA, 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Oakland Automobiles and G. M. C. Trucks 

CHARLOTTE BRANCH:— 507 SOUTH TRYON STREET 



CHARLOTTE, 



N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



17 



ning of fight to make the world safe for democracy. 

DOUGHBOYS BUSY 

After the beginning and work in this fight another 
rest was in order and liien on October 8-9-10-11 an- 
other battle was engaged in by the Thirtieth division. 
On October 11-12 the Thirtieth was relieved by the 
Twenty-seventh American, but returned on the 16th 
and again took over the line, launching an attack on 
the 17, 18 and 19. The infantry did the greater part of 
the fighting and was often even without the support of 
artillery, determination and skillful use of rifle and 
bayonet only r.i; king up for this lack. Frequently, too, 
the terrain was against them, but in spite of difficulties 
the advance continued. 

The division was withdrawn to Heilly for rest and 
replacements and two weeks later, when immediate or- 
ders for return to the front were momentarily expected, 
the armistice was signed and the fighting was over, 
November 11, 1918. 

With the cessation of battle, the Second American 
coips was released from the British expeditionary force 
with which it had long been associated and was trans- 
ferred to the American Le-Mans area. Here Thirtieth 
division headquarters were opened at Ballon on No- 
vember 21. The work was now over and the boys were 
ready to return home. Guard duty, however, had to 
be done and other tasks performed. Drills were con- 
tinued off" and on and as much discipline as possible 
maintained, but it was a long, dreary wait and the 
fighters thought of nothing but home. Nineteen hun- 
dred and eighteen passed out of exi.stence and there 
came the first month of 1919. The second month 



passed and still they were in France, but ships were 
now becoming better supplied and the rumor was going 
the rounds that it would be a few days at the most 
now before their own division would be slated for 
the sailing list. 

HOMEWARD BOUND 

Then sailing orders came. The division was or- 
dered to sail from Saint Nazaire and finally the ships 
ari-ived, the last good-byes to France and the battle- 
ground were said, old comrades were regretfuJly left 
sleeping "where the poppies blow," and the others 
were off for America. The first units arrived at New- 
port News toward the last of March and were quickly 
followed by other units who wei'e directed to Charles- 
ton, Vjeing the first troops to land at the splendid 
Charleston Poil Terminals here. The first ship with 
teh Thirtieth men on board to arrive hei-e was the 
Mercury, which came March 27th. After that many 
more came bringing men of the Thirtieth division. 

Charleston was prepared to give a great reception 
to her boys and those of her sister states as they came 
in, but the order was that they would be entrained im- 
mediately for Camp Jackson. After that they would 
be deloused and demobilized. But not able to give the 
welcome in person, the whole city turned out to wave 
a greeting as the first troop ships came up the harbor 
;aid the mayors and others went out in special boats 
to extend official greetings to the returning heroes. It 
was a grand home-coming but only the beginning of 
the round of festivities prepaied foi- their home-com- 
ing when they should at last be by their firesides 
again. 




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ETAIN, FRANCE 



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Compliments of 

CARTER-COLTON CIGAR CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



%= 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 



FITMNT 



CAROLINAS AUTO SUPPLY HOUSE 
Incorporated 

Wholesale Automotive Equipment 

Parts for Fords 

CHARLOTTE, N. C. 



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C. B. BRYANT, President and Treasurer 

D. D. TRAYWICK, Secretary 



CHARLOTTE BONDED 
WAREHOUSE COMPANY 



BONDED IN THE UNITED STATES 
FIDELITY AND GUARANTY COMPANY 
CAPACITY, 20,000 BALES COTTON 



Charlotte, 



N.C 



%= 



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GEO. H. McFADDEN & BRO.'S 
AGENCY 

C. B. BRYANT, Agent 



CHARLOTTE, N. C. COLUMBIA, S. C. 

GREENSBORO, N. C. SPARTANBURG, S. C. 

GASTONIA, N. C. GREENVILLE, S. C. 



COTTON 



%= 



^ 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



19 



Columbia, too, gave welcome and there was staged 
there a great parade in the boys' honor. The Main 
street was ablaze of light and many booths were ready 
with welcome to the home-comers. On one day desig- 
nated as Charleston day, about one hundred girls from 
Charleston went to Columbia and helped in the enter- 
tainment. Dances and all sorts of entertainments were 
given in their honor and officers and men alike were 
entertained to the fullest. But however much was 
done, nothing could have been too much for Charles- 
ton's and Carolina's own who will ever be remembered 
in history as those who knew no such word as fail and 
who broke the impregnable Hindenburg line. 

THE OFFICIAL RECORD 

The official record of the first and following of- 
fensive is as follows: 

On August 17, 1918, the division took over the en- 
tire sector occupied by the Thirty-third British di- 
vision, Sixtieth brigade being in the front line, Fifty- 
ninth brigade in support. This was known as the Canal 
sector and extended from the southern outskirts of 
Ypres to the vicinity of Voormezeele, a distance of 
2,400 meters. 

On August 31 and September 1 the division en- 
gaged in an offensive in conjunction with the Four- 
teenth British division on the left and Twenty-seventh 
division on the right. The Thirtieth division captured 
all its objectives, including Lock No. 8, Lankhof farm 
and the city of Voormezeele, advancing 1,500 yards, 
capturing 15 prisoners, two machine guns and 35 rifles. 



As a result of this advance the Two Hundred and Thir- 
ty-sixth division, which was considered an average Ger- 
man division, was identified. During the six weeks 
previous to this advance, many attempts had been made 
by the British and our own troops to identify this Ger- 
man division. 

On September 4-5, the division was withdrawn 
from the Canal sector and placed in British G. H. Q, 
resreve with division headquarters at Roellecouil, 
France. While in this area the entire division was 
trained in attacking in conjunction with British tanks. 

On September 17 the division was again moved 
farther south with division headquarters at Herissart, 
and on September 22 was moved to the British Fourth 
Army with division headquarters at Bois de Buire, 
near Tincourt, taking over a front line sector from the 
First Australian division, on the night of the 23d-24th. 

HINDENBURG LINE 

On September 29 this division with the Twenty- 
seventh American division on the left an dthe Forty- 
sixth British division on the right, assaulted the Hin- 
denburg line. The Hindenburg line at this point curves 
in front of the Tunnel at St. Quentin. This was con- 
sidered impregnable by the Germans for the following 
iea.sons: The Hindenburg line curving west of the tun- 
nel consisted of three main trench systems protected 
by vast fields of heavy barbed wire entanglements 
skillfully placed; this wire was very heavy and had 
been damaged very little by artillei'y fire. Tlie domi- 
nating ground enabled them to bring devastating ma- 




WHAT REMAINED OF A BEAUTI- 



FUL LITTLE FRENCH VILLAGE 



AFTER WITHERING HUN FIRE. 



e 



-^ 



W. F. DOWD, Pres. & Treas. 



R. M. DOWD, Secy. 



Z. V. KENDRICK, V-Pres. 



Compliments of 
CHARLOTTE PIPE & FOUNDRY COMPANY 

Incorporated 
MANUFACTURERS OF 

Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 

PLUMBER'S CAST IRON GOODS, CASTINGS FOR WATER WORKS 

AND SEWERAGE SYSTEMS 

LONG DISTANCE PHONE. 

CHARLOTTE, - - N. C. 



%= 



^ 



20 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



Compliments of 
CHARLOTTE MOTOR CAR COMPANY 



DISTRIBUTORS 

Dodge Brothers Motor Cars. Federal Trucks. 

PARTS AND ACCESSORIES 
HUPMOBILE MOTOR CARS 



CHARLOTTE, N. C. 






We Welcome You! 



DOWLING MOTOR COMPANY 

224 North Tryon St. 
CHARLOTTE, N. C. 

DISTRIBUTORS 



"Nash" 



PASSENGER CARS AND TRUCKS 

Including Famous Nash "Quad" Truck 

"Pierce-Arrow" 

PASSENGER CARS AND TRUCKS 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



21 



chine gun fire on all approaches. Tlie lines had beea 
strengthened with concrete machine gun emplace- 
ments. It contained at this point a large number of 
dugouts, lined with mining timbers, with wooden steps 
leading down to a depth of about 30 feet with small 
rooms capable of holding fiom four to six men each. 
In many cases these dugouts were wired for electric 
light. The large tunnel through which the canal ran 
was of sufficient capacity to shelter a division. This 
tunnel was electrically lighted and filled with barges. 
Connecting it with the Hindenburg trench system were 
numerous tunnels. In one case a direct tunnel ran from 
the main tunnel to the basement of a large stone 
building, which the enemy used for headquarters. 
Other tunnels ran from the main tunnel eastward to 
the city of Bellicourt and other places. This complete 
subterranean system with its hidden exits and en- 
trances, unknown to us, formed a most complete ar 1 
safe subterranean method of communication and re- 
inforcement for the German sector. 

TAKE WIDE SECTOR 

The Thirtieth division, the sixtieth brigade, aug- 
mented by units of the One Hundred and Seventeenth 
infantry, attacking, assaulted this line at 5:50 a. m., 
September 29, on a front of 3,000 yards long, captured 
the entire Hindenburg system of that sector and ad- 
vanced farther, capturing the tunnel system with ihe 
German troops therein, and took the cities of Belli- 



court, Nauroy, Kiqueval, Carriere, Etricourt, Guiilaine, 
Ferme and Ferem de Riqueval, advancing 4,200 yards, 
defeating two enemy divisions of average quality (the 
Seventy-fifth Reserve division and the One Hundred 
and Eighty-filth division), taking as prisoners 47 
officers and 1,434 men. 

On October 1-2 the Thirtieth division was re- 
lieved by the Fifth Australian division and moved back 
area with division headquarters at Herbecourt. The 
division scarcely reached this area when it was 
marched back and took over the front line in the 
same sector from the Second Australian division near 
Montbrehain on the night of the 4th-5th. 

On October 8, 9, 10, and 11 the Thirtieth division 
attacked each day, advancing 17,500 yards and cap- 
turing le Tilleul d'Archies, le Petit Cambresis, Bec- 
quigny, Mon. Sarasin, le Trou Aux Soldats, Busigny, 
Gloriette, le Vert Donjon, Escaufort, le Rond Pont, 
Vaux-Andigny, Vallee Hasard, la Haie, Menneressee, 
la Rochelle, le Vent de Bise, St. Souplet, St. Benin, Ma- 
lassise, Geneve, half of Montbrehain; Brancourt, Fre- 
mont, Vaux-le-Pretre, Brancoucourt, Faircourt Ferme, 
Bois iMrand, Butry Ferme, la Sabliere Bois, Beckquig- 
nette Ferme, Bois de Malmaison, Malmaison Ferme, 
Bois de Busigny, Bois I'Ennitage, Bois Proyart, Im- 
berfayt and Du Guet Fassiaux Fermes, taking pris- 
oners 45 officers and 1,1889 men. The Fifty-ninth bri- 
gade began this attack on October 8 and captured all 




RUINED HOMES AT ETAIN, FRANCE 



ll? 


Compliments of 
SOUTHERN FRUIT COMPANY, Inc. 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALERS 

Domestic FRUITS Foreign 

BANANAS A SPECIALTY 
47-49 S. College Street CHARLOTTE, N. C. 


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22 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

Compliments of 

ROBT. LASSITER, Pres't-Treas. J. M. BRUNER, Sec'y & Asst. Treas 

The Oconee Mills Company 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

FINE FANCY COTTON GOODS 



^- 



fr 



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HUNTER MFG. & COMMISSION CO. 
NEW YORK SELLING AGENTS 



Charlotte, - - - N. C. 



Compliments of 

Saco-Lowell Shops 

TEXTILE MACHINERY 

Shops at Biddef ord, Maine, Lowell, Mass., Newton 
Upper Falls, Mass. 

ROGERS W. DAVIS, Southern Agent 
CHARLOTTE, N. C. 

Executive Offices, Southern Selling Agents 

77 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass. U. S. WASHBURN 

R. P. SNELLING, Treasurer R. M. MAULDIN 

F. J. HALE, General Agent F. P. BROOKS 

P. D. HOWE, Secretary WALTER W. GAYLE 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



23 



their objectives, including Fremont and Brancourt. 
During this operation from October 8 to 11 the Thir- 
tieth division encountered units from 14 German di- 
visions, classified by the British high command as fol- 
lows: Thirty-fourth division, average; Twentieth di- 
vision, very good; Twenty-fourth division, very good; 
Twenty-first division, average; Twenty-first Reserve 
division, average; Thirty-eighth division, very good; 
One Hundred and Nineteenth division, average; One 
Hundred and Twenty-first division, average; One Hun- 
dred and Eighty-seventh Sharpshooting Section, very 
good; Two Hundred and Fourth division, average; 
Third Naval division, very good; Fifteenth Reserve 
division, average. 

The Thirtieth division was relieved by the Twen- 
ty-seventh division on October 11-12, but returned 
on October 16 an dtook over a part of the same line 
at the same place, bein gthe right half of the sector 
temiK)rarily held by the Twenty-seventh. The next 
attack was launched on October 17, 18 and 19, against 
the Two Hundred and Twenty-first division, average; 
Two Hundred and Forty-third division, average ; 
Twenty-ninth division, very good; advancing 9,000 
yards and capturing six officers and 412 men and the 
towns of Molain, St-Martin Riviei-e, Ribeauville, Ecail- 
lon, 'Mazinghein and Ribeaucourt Ferme. 

During much of the fighting from Ootcber 8 to 11 
and from 17th to 19th, dificulties of the terrain were 
very great, with the country freatly broken by small 



patches of woods and villages with uneven terrain and 
occasional large towns admirably added to the ma- 
chine gun defense of which the Germans took every 
advantage. The La Selle River with high banks be- 
yond was obstinately defended. In spite of these dif- 
ficulties the advance continued, often without artil- 
lery support, and was made possible only by the de- 
termination of the men and the skillful use of all arms 
combined with clever utilization of ihe diversified ter- 
rain. The Third German Naval division of the crack 
German divisions was hastily thrown in an attempt 
to stop the advance. 

The division was then Iwithdrawn to the Heilly 
training area, near Amiens, for replacements and a well 
earned rest, division headquarters at Querrieu. Two 
weeks later, when orders for an immediate return to 
the front were expected daily, the armistice with Ger- 
many was signed November 11, 1918. The fighting 
being over, the Second American corps was released 
from the British expeditionary force with which it had 
been associate dsince its arrival in France, and trans- 
ferred to the American expeditionary force in the Le 
Mans area, where the first units of the Thirtieth di- 
vision arrived and division headquarters opened at 
Ballon on November 21. 

During the above operations the advance was so 
rapid and the troops withdrawn so soon, ; there was 
no opportunity to gather up and salvage a great num- 
ber of guns and supplies captured, which were left 



THREE NORTH CAROLINA DOUGH- 
BOYS PAYING LAST RESPECTS TO 
THE REMAINS OF THEIR KITCHEN 
WHICH HAS JUST BEEN HIT BY A 
BOMB DROPPED FROM A GERMAN 
'PLANE, "CHOW" BEING SCAT- 
TERED IN EVERF DIRECTION. 




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Compliments of 

MECKLENBURG LUMBER CO. 

Charlotte, N. C. 



p. M. Cave, President C. P. Edwards, V-Pres. & Mtrr. 

C. B. ROSS, Sec'y. & Treas. 

PHONES 110 and 111 

Compliments of 

THE MODEL STEAM LAUNDRY 
CO. 

WE LAUNDRY ANYTHING 

"THE MODEL OF PERFECTION" 

CHARLOTTE, n. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 

J. H. SEPARK 

Treasurer 
GASTONIA, N. C. 



me^ yp fL@/^i; 71® /'C 






Gray Mfg. Co. 
Parkdale Mills, Inc. 
Myrtle Mills, Inc. 



Flint Mfg. Company 
The Arlington Cotton Mills 
Arrow Mills, Inc. 



i. 



^ 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



25 



for the salvage , troops of the Fourth British Army. 
Upon a partial check by the units of the division, it is 
known that at least 72 field artillery pieces, 26 trench 
mortars, 426 machine guns and 1,7792 rifles were cap- 
tured in addition to the great mass of matrial. This 
represents but a portion of the captures. In many 
instances field guns taken from the Germans were 
turned over to the supporting artillery and used by 



them upon the retreating enemy. 

Total number of prisoners captured by this di- 
vision from September 29 to October 20: 98 officers, 
3,750 men. During the same period we lost three of- 
ficers and 24 men as prisoners; 44 officers and 4,2838 
men wounded (including slightly wounded and slightly 
gassed). 




SO SKILLFUL WAS THE W'OKK OP^ THE CAMOUFL AGERS THAT THE TROOPS OF THE "WILDCAT" DI- 
VISION, T0(;ETHER WITH SUPPLIES, WERE ABLE TO CROSS THIS BRIDGE AT ST. DIE UNDER THE 
ENEMIES NOSE. 



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Compliments of 

C. A. DILLON R. W. WYNNE G. L. DILLON 

Members of Southern Supply and Machinery Dealers 

Association 

EVERYTHING FOR THE MILL 

GENERAL REPAIRING IN OUR MODERN SHOP 

DILLON SUPPLY COMPANY 
Mill Supplies 

RUBBER BELTING, PACKING & HOSE, RUBBER 

ROOFING 

Long Distance Phones 753 & 752 RALEIGH, N. C. 



Compliments of 

RALEIGH ELECTRIC SERVICE 

COMPANY 

Delco-Light Products 

WAKE, JOHNSTON AND WILSON COUNTIES 
Office and Display Room: 110 West Martin Street 

Raleigh, N. C. 



%i 



26 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliment 


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J, 


WHITE 


WARE 


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Gastonia, 


N. C. 

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F. 


T. 


JAMES 


COMPANY 








Gastoin, N. C. 






Distributor for Lalley Light, for Power and Lighting 

Purposes 






DEALER IN AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES 
Chalmers Cars, Vim and Indiana Trucks 


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NORTH CAROLINA WOr'lD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 

(). L. IIOPKIXS, Inc. 

Ill Lu/uyi'ik' iJl. 

LficHc^s Rr(i(l(Lj-l()-\V((ir 

Raleigh, N. C. 


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Established JS36 
H. J. l^rown Con7.|Kinu 

Vab'ius P. Brown, Prop. 

Funeral Directors and Embalmers 
RALEIGH, N. C. 



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28 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

i. C. RANKIN, Pres. & Supt. P. P. MURPHY, Vice-Pres. S. M. ROBINSON, Secy. & Treas. 

Peerless Manufacturing Co. 



Cotton Yarns, Skeins, 
Cones and Tubes 



LOWELL, NORTH CAROLINA 

# =% 

JNO. C. RANKIN, Pres. & Supt. C. M. ROBINSON, Vice Pres. 

S. M. ROBINSON, Secy. & Treas. 

Lowell Cotton Mills 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Cotton Yarns, Skeins. Warps, 
Cones and Tnbes 

(40s, 60s and 70s) 

LOWELL NORTH CAROLINA 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 29 



GROCERIES 



Feeds and Fertilizers 

Our Volume Of Business Enables Us To Quote You 
AT ROCK BOTTOM PRICES 

COTTON AND NAVAL STORES 

HANDLED ON REASONABLE COMMISSION AND 
PROMPT RETURNS ASSURED 

J. W. BROOKS 



South Water St. Wilmington, N. C. 

LONG DISTANCE PHONE 137 OFFICE, COR. WATER & DOCK STS. 



G. HERBERT SMITH, President M. J. CORBETT, Vice-President 

W. L. GRIFFITH, Secy. & Treasurer 

CAPE FEAR PACKING COMP.VNY 



DIRECTORS 

G. HERBERT SMITH, M. J. CORBETT, W. L. GRIFFITH, 

A. M. CHINNIS, HUGH MACRAE 



Manufacturers of 

Old North State Brands 

SMOKED MEATS- -SAUSAGE-LARD 



Wilmington North Carolina 



30 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



^ 



Compliments of 



The Commercial National Bank 



High Point, N. C. 



Statement of Condition at Close of Business 



November 17, 1919 



RESOURCES 

Loans and Investments 

Overdrafts 

U. S. Bonds, Liberty Loan Bonds, 
Victory Notes, Certificates of 
Indebtedness and War Sav- 
ings Stamps 

N. C. 4 per cent Bonds 

Guilford County Bonds 

Stock in Federal Reserve Banlv 

Furniture and Fixtures 

Customers' Liability Account Ac- 
ceptances 



Cash in vaults and due from 
banks 



f2, 714, 554. 92 
1,822.10 



760,760.35 
210,000.00 

57,000.00 
9,000.00 

11,005.98 

49,000.00 
1,212,382.41 



LIABILITIES 



Capital Stock ! 

Surplus and Profits 

Rserved for taxes, accrued interest 

and unearned interest 

Circulation 

Bond Account 

Due Federal Reserve Bank for 

Liberty Bonds and Certificates 

of indebtedness 

Notes secured by Liberty Bonds 

and Victory Bonds re-discount- 
ed with Federal Reserve Bank 

Liability Account Acceptances 

Deposits 



150,000.00 
205,977.07 

16,403.08 
150,000.00 
239,000.00 



541,000.00 



95,700.00 

49,000.00 

3,578,505.61 



Total $5,025,585.76 



Total $5,025,585.76 



WILL INCREASE CAPITAL TO $500,000, AND SURPLUS TO $500,000, MAKING 

A MILLION DOLLAR BANK ON JAN. 1, 1920 



%= 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



31 



History of The 81st Division 



A deathless record of jrii'lit'itry and high spirit, 
for all America to cherish, was made on battle fields 
of France by the Eighty-First Division, United States 
National Army. 

This division, known popularly as the "Wildcat" 
Division, was organized at Camp Jackson, near Colum- 
bia, S. C, August 29, 1917, and made up of drafted 
men. Major-C.eneral French was assigned to com- 
mand, but becau.se of his illness Brigadier-General 
Earth was its head until Major-General Charles J. 
Bailey was placed in charge, to remain throughout the 
division's career. 

ost of the officers were from Alabama, North and 
South Carolina, receiving their training at the first 
officers' training school at Fort Oglethorpe. There 
were, however, men from other sections in the offi- 
cers' personnel. Likewise the men in the ranks were 
largely from Alabama, North and South Carolina, with 
a substantial sprinkling of men from other sections. 

The morale and esprit de corps of the division was 
unusual from the start. Through the heavy routine 
of preparation, there were few delinquencies. In the 
spring of 1918 thedivision was transferred to Camp 
Sevier, having its ranks filled by men from Alabama, 
Florida, New York and a few from Chicago. 

In July, 19188, the division went to Camp Upton 
to make ready for the great voyage. Part of the men 
sailed from Philadelphia, part from New York, both 
sections going to Southampton, England, and later to 
La Havre, going thence to the training area near Ten- 
ners, France. 

IL 

The first taste of actual war experiences the di- 
vision gained was here. The matter of billeting the 
men was a knotty problem, necessitating the use of 
numerous cow barns and like structures. However, 
if retrospective comment of the men counts for any- 
thing, which it does, these "Yanks" took to the situ- 
ation like ducks to water, after the first few grimaces. 



and made the best of the worst, thereby helping to 
earn the reputation the American soldiers got overseas 
of being equal to any occasion. 

After something less than a month spent in more 
intensive training and other activities at Tonnere, the 
division started on its way to the front in the Vosges 
mountains sector, in the vicinity of St. Die. Later it 
moved from the St. Die sector to the Rambersville 
trea, where it remained from October 20 to October 31, 
awaiting transportation. During this period daily train- 
ing was kept rigidly up. 

Orders having come, the division was entrained 
during the days of October 31 and November 1 and 2 
at Charmes, Thaon, Chatel, andR ambersvillers and 
started on the way to the Meuse sector, detraining at 
Sorcy, Le Rouville, Sampigny, and Bannoncourt. From 
tor. 

these points it was marched into the Sommedieue see- 
In the Sommedieue sector the Eighty-first reliev- 
ed the Thirty-fifth division, taking over the line from 
Besonvaux to Fresnes, which extended over a length 
of about 24 kilometers. It was necessary here to place 
all four infantry regiments in line, with two battalions 
of each occupying the center of resistance and one be- 
ing held in reserve. The 60th field artillery brigade 
of the Thirty-fifth division remained in the sector and 
came under the command of the Eighty-first division. 
The division post command moved to Dieue on Novem- 
ber 2, and on Sommedieue on the seventh, the com- 
mand of the sector passing to Major-General Bailey 
on that date, the relief having been completed on the 
night of November 6. 

The division was hei'e greatly handicapped by 
not having full transport equipment, and movements 
were made with the greatest difficulties. Only fif- 
teen percent of the authorized motor equipment and 
forty percent of the authorized animal equipment was 
in the possession of the division. This condition con- 
tinued to exist up until the cessation of ho.stilities, and 
was greatly to be deplored as it woi'ked an increased 



e 



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B. C. Roycil, Pres. & Qen\. M^r. 



i. A/. S. Sahhwry, Sec. &Treas. 



Compliments of 



IDEAL TADLK COMPANY 

High Point, N. C. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Din.liKj R(H)n>- S'ciih^s, Llhrdry and Kxhuisiom Tables 



^ 



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32 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

A. E. TATE, Prest. & Treas. D. R. PARKER, Vice Prest. J. H. DOBBS, Secy. 

Compliments of 

TATE FURNITURE COMPANY 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Chamber Sets, Dressers, Bedsteads, Chiffoniers, 

KITCHEN SAFES, TABLES, METAL BEDS 

and Springs 



HIGH POINT, NORTH CAROLINA 

% ^ .^ ' — —- ^ y 

H. C. KEARNS, JR., Pres't. B. C. VITT, Vice Pres't. P. M. DILLON, Sec. & Treas. 



Compliments of 



Dilloii-Kearns Underwear Company 



INCORPORATED 



MANUFACTURERS OF 

NAINSOOK UNDERWEAR 



HIGH POINT, NORTH CAROLINA 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



33 



hardship on both officers and men and hindered badly 
the movements of the division. 

On November 7 the division passed from the 17th 
French corps.w ith which it had been operating, to tne 
2nd colonial corps, French. 

III. 

It was here that the already hardened and well- 
trained troops received their first real baptism of fire. 
Warning had been given to the Thirty-fifth division 
of a possible impending offensive. In view of this, 
plans were drawn up in this division and issued on No- 
vember 88, and all troops going into the sector were 
cautioned to patrol carefully and vigorously, and to 



obtain all possible information as to the enemy's 
movements and operations. In addition to this an in- 
telligence memorandum giving all pertinent data 
available was published ana distributed. 

Two conditions at the time of the advance were 
very favorable to the enemy and consequently made 
the advance of the troops of the Eighty-first very dif- 
ficult. One of these was the condition of the terri- 
tory where the engagement occurred. The land was 
low and marshy, and had been flooded in places, mak- 
ing the going of the troops extremely hard. During 
the period of the four years preceding this the enemy 
had constructed elaborated defensive work here. Con- 
crete machine gun and trench mortar emplacements 




NORTH CAROLINA MEN VERY EFFEC- 
TIVELY OPERATING A LARGE GUN A- 
GAINST FRITZ. THE SCENE WAS 
TAKEN DURING BATTLE NEAR THE 
CLOSE OF THE WAR, WHEN THE 
ENEMY BEGAN TO RUN. 



ENGINEERS OF THE 306th, 81st, 
CONSTRUCTING AVIATION HAN- 
GARS NEAR NEUF CHATEAU. 




^ 



'% 



Compliments of 



Kccirns Fiiriiiliirc Coni|)(in/q 

Ilicjh Poiiit, X. C3. 



%= 



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34 NORTH CARaLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



With Compliments to the Boys of 
30th, 31st, 81st, 42nd and 82nd 

Cutting Mills High Point, N. C, West End, N. C. 

Panel Mills, High Point, N. C, Thomasville, N. C. 

General Offices High Point, N. C. 
THE CONSOLIDATED VENEER & PANEL CO. 

R. R. RAGAN, President 

J. W. CLINARD, Vice-President 

W. G. MUNYAN, Sec. & Treas. 






Compliments of 

F. M. PICKETT, Pres. & Treas. 
W. P. PICKETT, 1st. Vice Pres. 
J. W. HARRIS, 2nd Vice Pres. 
R. H. WALKER, Secretary 

PICKETT COTTON MILLS 

Incorporated 
Manufactures of 

Pickett's Ideal Quality Print Cloths 

DIRECTORS 

W. P. Pickett, Jno. McSween, R. H. Walker, R. R. Ragan, F. M. Pickett 

J. Elwood Cox, J. W. Harris, Walter P. Inman, 

Dr. D. A. Stanton 

FINANCE COMMITTEE 

J. Elwood Cox, J. W. Harris, W. P. Pickett, R. R. Ragan, F. M. Pickett 

High Point, N. C. 



^^^ '" 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



ss 



dotted the landscape, and deep dugouts were every- 
where. In addition to this it was impossible for the 
command of the Eighty-first to obtain sufficient artil- 
lery support to cover the advance properly. For some 
reason neither the necessary artillery itself not a suf- 
ficiently large supply of ammunition for it were ob- 
tainable. A rolling barrage was entirely out of the 
question, and all that could be done was to direct the 
60th field artillery brigade, which was commanded by 
Birgadier General L. R. Berry, to cover the advance 
and to do everything possible to destroy the barbed 
wire entaglements of the enemy, while two battalions 
of 75's were prepared to advance behind the infantry 
waves. 



Orders to begin the advance as early as possible 
after the break of day on the morning of November 
9 were received from the second colonial corps on the 
day before, and everything was gotten in readiness to 
carry them out. Everywhere that the word had been 
whispered could be seen faces tense in determination, 
for it was to be the first time "over the top" for many 
a man. Though they had trained hard they had not 
yet been given the actual fire test, and doubtless many 
of them wondered how this mettle would prove, and 
there is still less doubt that there was a man among 
them all who was not still more eager to get at the Hun 
and prove what he inwardly felt was the quality of his 
own mettle. Though their blood may have been racing 




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UNION FURNITURE COMPANY 



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Manufacturers 
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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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J. P. CROWDER M. J. CROWDER 






Compliments of 






HIGH POINT STEAM LAUNDRY 






We Klean Klothes Klean 






Office and Plant: Dry Cleaning and Pressing 






203 E. Washington St. a Specialty 






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MARSH FURNITURE COMPANY 

MANUFACTURERS 

Celebrated "MARSH" Kitchen Cabinets 

J. E. MARSH, JR., President J. A. MARSH, Vice-Pres. 

J. E. MARSH, Sec. & Treas. 

High Point, North Carolina, U. S. A. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



37 



madly through their veins, no excitement was appar- 
ent amony either officers or men. Every man went 
coolly about hisd uties with an air of eager, though 
grim, determination. 

The haison officer from the division on the 
Eilghty-first's left, the Tenth French colonial divi- 
sion, also reported with the plan of attack of that di- 
vision, which included a passage of the lines of the 
Eighty-first'st hreele ft centers of resistence. This 
shortened (the sector of attack about six kilometers, 
leaving a frontage of about 12 kilometers on which 
the attack would have to be made. 

It was necessary to assemble brigade and separ- 
ate organization commanders as the time was too short 



for the ordinary distribution of orders. The attack 
orders were issued as soon as possible after assembly 
of the officers. Plan of liaison had already been is- 
sued. 

Little time could be given for reconnaisance and 
issuing of orders by subordinate units. There was 
barely time to move the attacking regiments into place 
before the zero hour. 

The whole plan of action was based on the assump- 
tion that the enemy was withdrawing and would not 
greatly oppose the Eighty-first's advance. It was not 
the case in this particular sector, however, as patrols 
had found the enemy's defensive system manned in the 
usual manner. 




IT WAS INSIDE OF THE REMAINS 
OF I'HIS BUILDING THAT THE 
TROOPS OF THE EIGHTY-FIRST 
(;0T THEIR WATER SUl'PLY WHILE 
IN ACTION AROUND CHATILLON. 



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CHATEAU. 







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of Highest Quality 

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High Point, N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 
SHIPMAN ORGAN COMPANY 

Manufacturers of 

High Grade Organs 

OFFICERS 
E. A. SNOW, Pres't. W. G. SHIPMAN, Sec, Tfeas. and Gen. Mgr. 

High Point, N. C. 



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Compliments of 
HIGH POINT HOSIERY MILLS 

Incorporated 
ESTABLISHED 1904. 

Hosiery and Hosiery Yarns 
High Point, N. C. 



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Compliments of 
PIEDMONT MILLS COMPANY 

ESTABLISHED 1909. 

Hosiery Manufacturers 
High Point, - - N.C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



39 



To avoid moving through heavy timber, the ad- 
vance had to be in two eschelons, one on each side of 
the Bois De Manheulles. One brigade was assigned to 
each. A battalion of 75's and two companies of en- 
gineers were attached to each brigade. 

The artillery opened fire at 7:30 o'clock on the 
morning of November 9, and the advance began on 
time, the troops in the northern part of the sector 
moving into (reserve behind the left attack as their 
lines were passed by the Tenth colonial division. 

The division post command moved at 8:15 o'clock 
on the morning of the 9th to Bierupt, where it was 
more centrally located with respect to the troops. It 
remained there through the action, General Bailey 



and staff officers making several trips to the lines. 
A detailed account of the movements follows: 
At the beginning of the operations, the disposition 

of the units of the Eighty-first were as follows: 

321st infantry was in divisional reserve in the 

woods west of Chatillon. 

Two battalions of the 322nd infantry were in 
line, each with two companies as support; and one 
battalion in reserve in the V^erdun-Etain road sector 
to Ronvaux, inclusive. 

The 323rd infantry was in defile at the western 
edge of Haudiamont, as divisional reserve. 

Two battalions of the 324th infantry were in line, 
and one battalion in reserve in the Bonzee at Ronvaux 




IN THE VICINITY OF VERDUN 

TRENCH SCENE, SHOWING HOW 

THE TERRIFIC FIRE STRIPPED 

TREES IN NO MAN'S LANd' 



EIGHTY-FIRST DIVISION ENGIN- 
EERS BUILDING AVIATION 
HANGARS AT NEUF CHATEAU 




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COL. WESCOTT ROBERSON, President CHARLES L. AMOS, Vice-Pres. 

K. T. A.MOS, Secretary and Treasurer 

AMOS HOSIERY MILLS COMPANY 

Manufacturers 
High Point, - - - N.C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 

S. H. TOMLINSON, General Manager 
S. F. TOMLINSON, President C. F. TOMLINSON, Sec. & Treas. 

TOMLINSON CHAIR MANUFACTURING 

COMPANY 

Manufacturers of 

Chairs and Furniture 

SPECIALTY: COMPLETE DINING SUITS 

HIGH POINT, - - - - N. C. 



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THE CLIMAX UPHOLSTERING 

CO. 



Incorporated 
MANUFACTURERS OF 



Upholstered Furniture 
High Point, - - - N. C. 



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T. A. KEARNS, Pres't. R. R. RAGAN, Vice Pres't. 
G. H. KEARNS, Sec. & Treas. 

CROWN HOSIERY MILLS 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



HOSIERY 



High Point, 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



41 



sector. 

The 316th machine gun battalion was in division- 
al reserve in the vicinity of Haudimont. 

The 317th machine gun battalion had one com- 
pany with the 322nd infantry, and three companies in 
brigade reserve near Chatillon. 

Two companies of the 318th machine gun batta- 
lion were with the 324th infantry and one company 
with the 323rd infantry, one in brigade reserve. 

The disposition of the GOth field artillery brigade 
was behind sector of attack. 

The attack started at 8 o'clock on the morning of 
November 9, after artillery preparations of a half- 
hour. Artillery and heavy machine gun fire was en- 
countered by all units, almost immediately on starting 
the advance. At 10::30 o'clock a line 600 meters west 
of Moranville had been reached by the 322nd infan- 
try where heavy machine gun fire made further ad- 
vance impossible. At 12:30 noon, Noire-Baies was 
taken and Claires-Chenes cleared of a machine by the 
first battalion of the 324th infantry. 

At 1 :25 p. m. developments were started against 
Ville en Woevre, but continuation of the advance was 
rendered impossible on account of the Thirty-third 
division on the right failing to advance; the flank was 
thus left e.xposed to heavy fire. The first battalion 
was forced to withdraw, where it remained in readi- 
ness until 1 :25 o'clock the following morning. The re- 
serve battalion was moved against the line of trenches 
running north from which machine gun fire fas com- 
ing. By verbal orders of the regimental commander 
the first and third battalions were withdrawn at 4 
o'clock on the morning of the 10th to the lin in pro- 
longation of the Fresnes-Manheulles road. At 4 o'clock 
in the afternoon of the 9th, the line running northwest 
from Chateau D'Aulnois had been reached by the sec- 
ond battalion of the 324th infantry. At 4:30 o'clock 
heavy machine gun fire forced the withdrawal of this 
battalion to the ridge 700 yards northeast of and par- 
allel with the Fresnes-Manheulles road. Moranville 
was taken by the 322nd infantry at 5:15 o'clock on the 
afternoon of the 9th after American artilleiy fire had 
silenced most of the machine guns located in the town. 

Being exposed to heavy fire in this position at 4 
o'clock on the morning of the 10th, the second batta- 



lion of the 324th Infantry retired to form a continua- 
tion of the line of the first and third battalions on its 
left. At 6:30 o'clock the 322nd infantry resumed its 
advance on Grimaucourt. This town was entered at 
9 o'clock in spite of stubborn resistance from the en- 
emy machine guns. Company C, of the 322nd infantry, 
reached the vicinity of Abaucourt at 11 o'clock and 
was soon followed by B and D companies of the same 
regiment, which went into the line beside it. At 1 
o'clock that afternoon Grimaucourt was passed and an 
advance started against the enemy's main line of re- 
sistance, 1,500 meters east of that town. On account 
of intense artillery fire on Grimaucourt the second 
battalion of the 322nd infantry retired at 4 o'clock to 
the old German trenches, just we.st of the town. 

At 8:30 o'clock on the night of the 10th, the relief 
of the 322nd infantry units by the 321st infantry was 
completed, except that B, C and D companies of the 
322nd, on the extreme left, remained in position. The 
second battalion of the 321st was held in reserve at 
Chatillon. At 9 o'clock the second battalion of the 
324th infantry was relieved by the first battalion of 
the 323rd infantry. The third battalion of the 324th 
had moved back to the vicinity of the post command 
at Bordeaux. 

The movements of the units of the division on 
the morning of fateful November 11 from 6 o'clock 
to 11 o'clock, wher fighting ceased, follow: 

At 6 o'clock, after preparation of one hour by the 
artillery, the attack, mentioned above, was resumed by 
the 321st infantry with three battalions in line, the 
second battalion having been moved up to Moranville. 
At 7:30 o'clock Grimaucourt was passed by the third 
battalion of the 321st infantry. Bois-de-Petite Cog- 
non was reached by the first battalion of the 321st at 
8:30 o'clock; heavy machine gun fire was met at that 
point. At 9 o'clock the first battalion of the 324th was 
relieved by the second battalion of the 323rd infan- 
try, the third battalion of the 323rd being held in re- 
serve. 

At 10:30 o'clock after hea\y shelling with high 
exvplosive, gas, shrapnel and continuous machine gun 
fire, which resulted in heavy casualties, the advance 
was resumed by the 323rd infantiy. At 11 o'clock af- 
ter artillery fire on Grande and Petite Cognon, the 



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IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER OF 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 
WRENN-COLUMBIA FURNITURE CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

FURNITURE 

J. T. and T. F. WRENN, Proprietors 

High Point, - - - N.C. 



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Compliments of 
J. A. LINDSAY 
Manufacturer of 
PARLOR SUIT FRAMES 
High Point, N. C. 



Compliments of 

W. W. SMITH, Pres. H. A. MILLS, Vice-Pres. 

W. L. SMITH, Sec'y & Treas. 

HIGH POINT MACHINE 
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Machinists, Founders and Engineers 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



43 



first battalion of the 321st infantry was able to march 
through the gap between the woods, and reach the 
main defenses of Hautecourt. The second battalion 
had advance between the first and third battalions. 

During the afternoon of the 9th it was seen that 
the advance could not be pushed further without ad- 
ditional troops and the reserve regiments were put at 
the disposition of the brigade commanders and the di- 
visional machine gun battalion placed in the real of 
the gap between the two brigades. Two companies of 
the 30Gth ammunition train (armed as infantry) were 
also ordered up on the 10th to assist the engineers 
with the left column. One company of engineers had 
been withdrawn from the resei^'e and sent to the corps 
and the last reserve company of engineers was sent 
to assist in the road work. 

Orders were issued that evening to continue the 
advance next day. The Thirty-third division, of the 
Second army, on the right of the Eighty-first, had not 
received orders to advance. It had, however, sent 
stron patrols to its front. 

These were driven back by heavy enemy fire, 
finally uncovering the right flank of the Eighty-first 
and making it necessary to bend back the line to the 
Manheulles-Fresnes road, where liaison with the 
Thirty-third division was maintained. There was evi- 
dently some misunder-standing about the advance of 
the Thirty-third division as the liaison officer sent 
from that division to the Eighty-first stated that that 
advance was ordered. 

Colonel C. D. Roberts, chief of staff of the Eighty- 
first, telephoned the First army regarding the matter 
and was informed the division was to advance. He 
also, at 11 o'clock telephoned to the chief of staff. 
Thirty-third, and told him of the Eighty-first's ad- 
vance east of Haudimont. As it had been proven im- 
possible for the Eighty-first's right to advance with- 
out the movement of the Thirty-thrid division, orders 
were given in the evening to the commanding general 
of the 162nd brigade not to advance his right until the 
Thirty-third moved. 

November 10 was largely employed in relieveing 
the fighting line regiments, supplying food and am- 
munition and preparing for a further advance next 
day. The enemy's artillery was very active and every 



attempto to patrol to the front was met by machine 
gun and artillery fire, causing severe losses. 

The enemy's aviators were very active throughout 
November 9 and 10, directing his artillery fire, and 
their machine guns were used with telling effect upon 
the forces of the division. An enemy airplane was hit 
by rifle fire from the "Wildacts" and fell within the 
French lines near Verdun. Although repeated re- 
quests were made for aircraft support for the Eighty- 
first, it was impossible to obtain such until late in the 
afternoon of the 10th, the second day of the battle, 
when several airplanes appeared on the scene. 

The next day, November 11, was the day on 
which an armistice was declared, and up until eleven 
o'clock, the hour at which it had been ordered that hos- 
tilities cease, a heavy fog prevented the aviators from 
operating to any appreciable advantage. 

IV. 

It was decided, after a consultation with the brig- 
ade commanders on the evening of November 10, to 
strike hard on the left, and, in accordanve with this 
plan, the 324th infantry, minus one battalion, was held 
in divisional reserve, while the 316th machine gun 
battalion was placed at the disposition of the left col- 
umn. This column was ordered to advance to the at- 
tack to the south of Hautecourt, while the right was 
given instructions to attack Ville-en-Woevre. How- 
ever, this column was ordered not to begin the advance 
until it hadreceived assurance that the Thirty-third 
division was advancing. 

An officer of the artillery assistence, which was 
much needed, was made by a staff officer of the 151st 
artillery brigade, which was under the command of 
Brigadier General R. P. Davis, which resulted in plans 
for counter battery fire and preparations for artillery 
support being made. 

With a preparatory artillery fire, which was re- 
ported as being very effective, the attack was launch- 
ed at 6 o'clock on the morning of the eleventh. A dense 
fog enveloped everything and greatly retarded move- 
ments, Jjut it also undoubtedly served to prevent heav- 
ier losses than were actually sustained. In spite of 
the difficulties presented by the weather, and the nat- 
ural and artificial obstacles which hindered the ad- 
vancing columns greatly the troops pushed ahead 



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Compliments of 
COMMONWEALTH HOSIERY MILLS 

Incorporated 

Seamless Hosiery 
High Point, North Carolina 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Complimenis of High Point Buggy Compang 




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to 
THE HOME COMER 

Welcome back to the good 
old farm. Get the pranc- 
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Point" buggy and a nice 
set of harness and go take 
your girl for a spin down 
the wooded road. 



Oh boy, "When you ride, ride right" 



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Compliments of 

MYRTLE DESK COMPANY 

Manufacturers of 

OFFICE DESKS 

High Point, - - N.C. 




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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



45 



steadily at many points, and the advancing was kept 
up to eleven o'clock in the morning, when firing was 
stopped, orders having been received, at 7:40 that 
morning fro mthe second corps headquarters to cease 
firing at that time. Upon the receipt of these orders, 
warning instructions were sent to each organization. 
These instructions were later confirmed by orders 
stating that hostilities would stop at eleven o'clock on 
all fronts. 

No instructions had been issued for a let up in 
the advance until the appointed hour; consequently, 
the attack was pushed determinedly until that time, 
with the result that the progress of the advancing col- 
umns was good. This was especially true of the left. 
When th elast shot was fired at the stroke of eleven 
the 321st infantry was in the last line of the enemy's 
entaglements and had already captured and made pris- 
oners of a few of the opposing forces. 

The advance up until the time of the cessation of 
hostilities had reached a depth of from two to five and 
a half kilometers, and five of the enemy's officers to- 
gether with eighty-nine of his men had been taken; 
Two of the officers and nine of the men wei'e turned 
over to the 10th French colonial corps. 

The total losses of the Eighty-first division dur- 
ing the three days of fighting on this front in killed, 
wounded and missing, were 1,023. Of these 11 officers 
and 158 men were killed; 31 officers and 746 men were 
wounded, while one officer and 76 men were reported 
as missing. The losses of each organization were as 
follows : 

321st infantry: Killed, 3 officers and 45 men; 
wounded, 5 officers and 175 men; missing, 3 men. 

322nd infantry: Killed, 5 officers and 52 men; 
wounded, 8 officers and 209 men ; missing, 10 men. 

317th machine gun battalion: Killed, ^ 2 men; 
wounded, 1 officer and 17 men. 

323rd infantry: Killed, 16 men; wounded, 5 offi- 
cers and 114 men; missing, 4 men. 

324th infantrj': Killed, 2 officers and 34 men; 
wounded, 5 officers and 145 men; missing, 18 men. 

318th machine gun battalion: Killed, 3 men; 
wounded, 2 officers and 14 men ; missing, 1 officer and 
37 men. 



306th engineers: Killed, 2 men; wounded, 2 of- 
ficers and 37 men; missing, 4 men. 

316th machine gun battalion: Killed, 1 officer 
and 2 men; wounded, 2 officers and 24 men; missing, 
3 men. 

306th ammunition train: Wounded, 3 men. 

306the field signal battahon: Killed, 1 man; 
wounded, 7 men. 

6th field artillery brigade: 1 officer and 1 man 
wounded. 

V. 

Immediately after ceasing fire, the enemy troops 
showed a disposition to fraternize, but this was not 
'permitted. A few prisoners, taken by the 321st infan- 
try just after 11 o'clock were released. 

The work of the supply and sanitary trains were 
satisfactory, and ammunition and rations were pro- 
vided in ample quantities and a large surplus was 
placed in the forward dumps before the movement 
was terminated. 

During the entire operation, the enemy units en- 
gaged were the fifth guard division and the third Ba- 
varian infantry division, and also a part of the Thir- 
teenth Landstrum division. Three units seemed to 
have excellent morale and discipline up to the last. 

Artillery support: The sixth field artillery brig- 
ade, commanded by Brig. Gen. R. L. Berry, furnished 
as efficient support as possible under the circum- 
stances. The two battalions used with the infantry 
brigades were efficiently used. The enemy's artillery 
constantly outranged that of the American division's 
supporting guns and countery-battery work therefore 
was not very effective, and there was an entire lack 
of airplane observation on the Americans' side until 
late in the day of November 10, while the enemy's air 
service was very active and efficient. On November 
9, when the clouds were low, the enemy planes drop- 
ped down through the clouds close to the lines of the 
Eighty-first division, using their guns with the result 
that a number of Americans were killed or wounded. 
They also directed a very accurate fire on the Amer- 
icans. The appearance of more allied planes next day 
served to improve the morale of the Americans. Re- 
peated requests were heard for more airplanes and ar- 
tillery assistance, and the French artillerv authorities 



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,J. p. HAYWORTH. St-cretary and Triasurir 

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46 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



Compliments of 
J. ELWOOD COX MANUFACTURING CO. 

Established 1868 
MANUFACTURERS OF 

HARDWOOD, DIMENSION STOCK 
DOGWOOD, PERSIMMON, HICKORY 

J. ELWOOD COX, Pres't. JOS. D. COX, Sec'y. & Treas. 

Cable Address "ELWOOD"— A. B. C. Code, Fifth Edition 

High Point, N. C. 

BUYERS OF DOGWOOD, PERSIMMON AND HICKORY LOGS 



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Compliments of 




GLOBE PARLOR FURNITURE CO. 




Manufacturers of 




UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE 




High Point, N. C. 


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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



47 



showed a disposition to refuse even the necessary am- 
strong points ,of Abaucourt. Moranville, Criniaucourt 
munition for the /sixtieth brigade and the sector ar- 
tillery. The American losses were declared mostly 
due to artillery fire to which the Americans" support 
could not make effective reply. 

The attack of this position was evidently decided 
upon by higher authority under the assumption that 
the enemy was retreating, but this proved not to be 
true. However, good progress was made and the 
hostilities was the last line of enemy wire of the Ger- 
and Blanzee were taken and the line at the end of 
man main line, which would have been penetrated in a 
short time. 

It was the first severe engagement of this divi- 
sion and the small losses that were suffered from en- 
emy machine gun fire showed the excellent progress 
that had been made in training. The division was for- 
tunate in having two able brigade commanders, Brig. 
Gen. G. W. Mclver, 161st brigade and Brig. Gen. Mon- 
roe McFarland, 162nd brigade, and four excellent in- 
fantry regimental commanders. Colonels L. T. Rich- 
ardson, 322nr infantry; T. A. Pearce, 323rd infantry; 
G. W. Moses, 324the infantry, and Frank Halstead, 
321st infantry. 

The infantry regiments went into action with 
about 3,000 men I each and the 306th engineers with 
about 1,550 men. The machine gun battalions, 306th 
field signal battalion, sanitary train and ammunition 
train were almost at full strength. 

While the operations of November 9, 10, 11, were 
not extensive, as compared to those of previous fight- 
ing in the Argonne and to the north, it is believed they 
demonstrated to no small extent the .soldierly qualities 
of officers and men, and that both training and dis- 
cipline were a credit to the division in this, its only 
fighting in the line of the advancing First army. The 
troops were continually subjected to intense artillery 
fire, to which no response could be made, yet the 
troops kept their organization and morale and suffered 
a minimum of losses. 

The retirement of the troops of the 324th infan- 
try on the night of November 9 was due to the lack of 
support from the Second army and was made with 
skill, and the men, although exposed to heavy artil- 



lerly moved as their officers reiwrted, as though at an 
ordinary drill. 

During the attack, it was a notable fact that se- 
rious gassmg was exceptional, and that few were re- 
ported missing, showing that there was almost no 
stragglers. 

ost of the reported mis.sing were killed and the 
fatalities were almo.st 200, including those who died 
from wounds of whom there were many. Out of the 
approximately 18,000 pre.sent, one in 18 was acsualty, 
and of the 1,023 casualties, some 200 were fatalities, 
or one death in each five casualties. 

During this operation, the troops were directed 
with skill and good judgment and the officers and men 
maintained the high standard expected of American 
troops. 

VI. 

Soon after the declaration of an armistice at the 
enemy's request, the "Wildcats" were ordered to Cha- 
tillon-sur-Seine and began immediately to prepare for 
the long hike. Weary and footsore from one of the 
hardest of its marches the division arrived here dur- 
ing the second and third of December and was billited, 
with heaquarters at ussey-sur-Seine. 

In spite of the rain and snow which fell almost 
every day from the time of the division's arrival here 
until the first of May, regular drill and instructon were 
resumed and kept rigidly up until the first of April, 
when these | exercises were cut in half in order that 
the remaining half day might be devoted to athletics. 
The order which brought this about met with the in- 
stant approval of almost ^ everyone, for the officers 
were weary and eager to return home, and the time 
dragged slowly. This, coupled with the natural love of 
the American soldier, resulted in a great deal of in- 
terest being manifested in outdoor games, particular- 
ly baseball, and helped to make the time pass more 
pleasantly for officers and men until sailing orders 
came. 

On the sixth of May orders transferring the di- 
vision from the 8th anny corps to the S. O. S. were 
issued and on the twelfth the first train of troops left 
for Le Mans. Again the division was split, part of it 
going to St. Nazaire, while the other went to Brest, 
from which ports it sailed for the United States in the 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



49 



early part of June, 1919. The majority of the divi- 
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ton, S. C, and from these ports officers and men were 
sent to various camps to be finally discharged from 
military service. 




TlIK roST COMMAND OF A MACIIIXE GUN UATTALIOX OF 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 51 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 




MAJOR GENERAL EBEN D. SWIFT LEADING OFFI- 
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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



55 



History of The 82nd Division 



The birthday of the Eighty-second Division is the 
25th of August. On that day in the year 1917 a new- 
city on the outskirts of Atlanta was opened to the men 
who were to control its destinies and the destinies of 
its inhabitants for the next eight months. The city 
was called Camp Gordon and its officials were the of- 
ficers ordered there to organize the Eighty-second Di- 
vision out of civilian material from all four points of 
the compass. 

The camp was located some fifteen miles out 
Peachtree road on the national highway between At- 
lanta and New York City. It had been built in record 
time by government engineers and contractors who for 
the past three months had been transforming the 
naked Georgia hills into I'ed clay streets and blocks and 
blocks of raw pine barracks that rose, as if by magic, 
at the rate almost of one building a day. 

Here, while the chorus of hammer and saw was 
still sounding through the hot summer sunshine, came 
the advance guard of men who were to help create for 
Uncle Sam an army with which to fight the war into 
which he had entered for no other puipose than to save 
the world from tyranny. 

The first-comers were officers of the regular army. 
Major-General Eben Svdft was the new commander of 
the division and Col. Pi-eston Browm was his chief of 
staff. 

Of the majors and higher officers one-third were 
officers of the regular army. With only a few excep- 
tions, the remaining officers wei'e southerners, the pick 
of Dixie's young manhood. Hailing in the main from 
Alabama, Georgia and Florida, they had volunteered 
at the first crack of war for the initial training camp 
at Fort McPherson, and there, for the past three 
months they had done "squads right" a"d "squnds 
left" until they shouted commands in their sleep, hiked 
until their feet were masses of blazing blisters, stud'ed 
themselves blind, taken their fun where they found it 
and. at last, won their reward in the shape of new serge 
uniforms, leather puttees, garrison caps and shining 
new insignia of which those who wore gold leaves were 
no more proud than those who wore a .single silver bar. 

It was in full regalia that they turned out at Camp 



^ 



Gordon following their brief leave after graduating 
to answer to the announcement that the division com- 
mander would review the new officers. But some hours 
later the white collars were sadly wilted and the new 
uniforms were decidedly sweaty, for instead of review- 
ing them, the division commander hiked them twelve 
miles over the red old hills of Georgia to the tune of 
"The Long Boy." The war had begun, and from that 
time on it never stopped. 

The first recruits to report at Camp Gordon were 
select men from Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee, along 
with a small training cadi'e of non-commis.sioned officers 
fi-om the Sixth and Seventeenth regiments of infantry 
at Fort Oglethorpe. Thus it seemed for a time that 
the Eighty-second Division, officered in the main by 
southern men and with its ranks filled with other 
southemeis, was to be more representative of Dixie 
than any division in the country. 

And then came the gi'eat change, the change that 
made the Eighty-second not I'epresentative of Dixie, 
but representative of the nation, one might almost say, 
representative of the world. For in the new organiza- 
tion that came to pass were men of all creeds and colors, 
of all nationalities and faiths, drawn from the nooks 
and corners of the country to be painted by the same 
brush of khaki that turned them out one finished 
product — the All-American Division. 

Only six weeks of training had been completed 
when the oi'dei- was received transferring the entire 
enlisted personnel of the camp, with the exception of 
the trairing cadre of 783 men, to southem National 
Guard outfits and the Eighty-first Division. 

In February and March, 1917, the Eighty-second 
Division was inspected at Camp Gordon by the war 
department. The report on the division was so favor- 
able that overseas orders' were issued. It was the sec- 
ond national prmy division to leave the United States 
and the seventh in order of all di\isions crossing. 

The departure of the division began early in April. 
To the general public all was as befoi-e, for no waving 
banners or cheering crowds sped the regiments on their 
way. There were strict orders against impai-ting in- 
formation to anyone of the movements in progi-ess, but 



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56 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



57 



if here and there were farewells too tense to tell of, no 
one was censured. 

Divisional headquarters sailed from New York on 
April 25, 1917, and the last infantry and machine gun 
battalions of the unit had followed by May 3. The 
aitillery did not said at the same time as the rest of 
the division. The One Hundred and Fifty-seventh bri- 
gade began to move from Camp Gordon on May 7th, 
and completed the movement on May 11th. The ad- 
vance school detachment went to Camp Merritt, the 
remainder to Camp Mills, but the entire brigade moved 
out of New York harbor in intervals from May 19th 
to May 21st. 

The main part of the division crossed the Atlantic 
in convoys of ten vessels that followed each other at 
intervals down the North River, past the Statue of 
Liberty and out past Sandy Hook into the open sea. 
It was not a cheerful voyage, for while some of the 
battalions were quartei'ed on giant liners, such as the 
Leviathon and the Mauretania, others were crowded 
into the smoky, dirty holes of Oriental .ships that had 
been hastily pres.sed into service. The Allies were 
calling for men and comfort must be sacrificed to get 
them on the western front, where the Germans even 
then were launching their great spring drive. 

It was a tremendous relief to everybody when ten 
swift destroyers appeared one day and the word spread 
that the convoy was within thiee hundred miles of 
the Irish coast. The various units of the division 
landed at Liveipool during the ten days from May 7th 
to May 17th. From there the battalions were sent 
to various English "rest camps" — the quotes are meant 
to express doubt regarding the adjective — before pro- 
ceeding to Southampton to embark for Havre. 

Not all of the regiments proceeded dii-ectly to 
Southampton, however. To one outfit, the Three Hun- 
dred and Twenty-fifth Infantry, was given the proud 
honor of being the first American troops to parade 
through the streets of London since the United States 
entered the war. It was to be a demonstration of Eng- 
land's appreciation in welcoming the United States as 
her ally, and surely no man who took part in it will 
ever forget it. 

The Eighty-second Division came first to France 
by way of Southampton, England, crossing the rough- 
and-tumble channel in the small, swift steamers that 



roared along through the waves and the darkness as 
though they were shot from a cannon. 

All of the troops made the crossing at night. They 
landed at Havre during the second week of May, when 
the weather was still cold and rainy and this country 
of France appeared anything but attractive to the lads 
from overseas who had come so far to fight for it. 
The British met them at Havre and with the British 
the division was trained for battle for the next month. 

Then they entrained in the bo.x-cars labeled "40 
hommes-8 chevaux" for the British training area near 
Eu, with division headquarters at Escarbotin. The 
troops began training about May 16th with the Sixty- 
sixth British Division, of which Major-General Bethil 
was the commander. A strenuous course was laid 
down. It included the training of the infantry with 
Lewis automatic rifles and the machine gun battalions 
with Vickers guns, schools for officeis and non-coms, 
the British system of bayonet fighting, and practice 
hikes to towns around the area on which the new equip- 
ment was thoroughly tested out. 

Some members of the division got closer to the real 
fighting than air raids. In June officers and non-coms 
fi'om the various commands were sent up to the British 
f)'ont line ti'enches near Albert and Amiens to see how 
the game was played. They went by way of Abbeville 
to the Briti.sh Third Army headquarters, thence to di- 
vision headquarters, thence to brigade headquarters 
and finally into the front lines under actual fire of the 
German guns. 

It was on one of these trips that the division suf- 
fered its first casualty, when a gallant Georgian, be- 
loved of his regiment and beloved of his fellow-officers, 
was killed in action. On June 9, 1918, Capt. Jewett 
Williams, commander of B Company, Three Hundred 
and Twenty-sixth Infanti'y, was out on patrol in No 
Man's Land, mending wires, when the Germans opened 
fire on the detachment with machine gun bullets. He 
was instantly killed, and his body, bi-ought in by his 
companions, lies today in the little cemetery at Abbe- 
ville, France, where it was buried with full military 
honors. 

The division had been inspected May 26th by Field 
Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, and on May .30th it was in- 
spected again, this time by the commanding general 
of the American Expeditionaiy Forces himself. Gen- 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



59 



eial John J. Pershing. It was on his trip of inspec- 
tion that General Peishing let fall a hint to the officers 
of the Eighty-second regarding the vital issue then be- 
ing discussed by the allied high command; namely, 
whether or not the Americans should be brigaded with 
the French and British or be permitted to paddle their 
own canoe. History has told since then how General 
Pershing held out for the American canoe, and it was 
this determination of his form and American army that 
the officers of the Eighty-second learned on this occa- 
sion. 

Therefore, it did not come as such a great surpiise 
after all when, on June 16th, tentative orders which 
would have sent regiments of the division into action 
with the British were cancelled and the entire division 
was ordered to entrain for Toul. The Enfield rifles 
were returned and the infantry was armed with United 
States guns, ad the word was passed that the Eighty- 
second was to become a part of the first Ail-American 
Ai-my. 

On June 16th the movement of the division toward 
the front line trenches began. It lasted for two days. 
Traveling in box-cars, the men were routed to their 
new locations by way of Paris, but all they saw of the 
city was the Eiffel tower spinning up in the misty 
distance. No Paris for them at that time! 

After journeying tediously for several days, the 
division finally detrained and, one by one, the units be- 
gan to settle down in the American "old home sector" 
northwest of Toul. Thus it has been dubbed by reaso.i 
of the fact that so many American troops obtained 
their baptism of fire in this "quiet sector," but for the 
boys of the Ail-American there was nothing home-like 
about it. It was their initial entry as a division; not 
only that, it was the first time a national army division 
had entered the front lines as a fighting unit, and the 
men and officers alike were on their mettle. 

The historic date when the relief of the Twenty- 
sixth Division by the Eighty-secoiid began was the 
night of June 25th. The sector taken over was known 
as the Lagney sector, Woevre front. The Eighty- 
secord held the left flank of the Thirty-second French 
Army Corps, Eighth French Army, with the French 
artillery taking over the artillery positions of the Twen- 
ty-sixth Division in place of the Eighty-second's artil- 
lery brigade, which was then in training at La Cour- 



tine. 

A march up long and muddy hills brought the 
various units to billets shortly in the rear of the front 
lines. Here they trained for a week on the target 
range of the French with the new French Chauchat 
rifles which were issued to them. In the meantime 
officers of the various regiments reconnoitered the front 
line positions which were to be taken over, finding just 
where they were to locate their own troops and getting 
at the same time all the information the French could 
furnish them regarding the enemy positions and No 
Man's Land. Positions of all machine guns, together 
with all maps and oi'ders of the sector, were carefully 
studied. Then under cover of darkness, column after 
column moved quietly into the lines, some of them into 
the first trenches, others into support positions in the 
real-. They found their dugouts, put out their sentries 
and, when day bioke on the morning of June 26th, they 
looked out across No Man's Land — a desert of ruined 
trenches and rusty wire, a few scattered, crumbling 
houses that used to be a town, and, almost a mile away, 
a fringe of timber which they knew sheltered the 
Boche. 

The Eighty-second Division occupied the Lagney 
sector near Toul for exactly two weeks, from June 26th 
to August 10th. 

Today any member of the division which later 
went through the Argonne and the Meuse battles would 
describe those two weeks at Toul as distinctly a "good 
war," but it was not so to them then. The tingle of 
holding the front lines was in the blood of eveiy man, 
and the most casual bombing raid of the enemy left 
an indelible impression. 

As a matter of fact, the Eighty-second's first ex- 
perience of trench warfare — the old trench warfare of 
four years past where for weeks the combat troops oc- 
cupied opposite trenches and patrols through No Man's 
Land and sniping from parapet to parapet made life 
a deadly grind— was to be its last. When next it en- 
tered the lines at St. Mihiel, until the last unit of the 
division was \vithdrawn after those twenty-five deci- 
mating days in the Argonne, it was open warfare all 
the way, warfare which, at its worst, was more terrible 
than the trenches at any time. 

At any rate, before the division left the Larceny 
sector it had made things much livelier for the Boche 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



than when it entered. At the first the men were in- 
tensely nervous. Peering over the top of the trench 
in the dead of night, the ghostly darkness of No Man's 
Land seemed alive with a thousand shadows which 
might be spectres and might not be. And it was this 
nervousness which lesulted in the death of one of the 
two officers killed during those two weeks. First Lieut- 
enant Winston P. Anderson, of Birmingham, Three 
Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infantry, was shot by one 
of his own men on the night of July 3d while he was 
making a relief of companies. He was mistaken in the 
darkness for one of the enemy. Regimental services 
were held on July 4th and he was buried a short dis- 
tance back of the lines. 

The division celebrated the Fourth of July by 
keeping vigil throughout the day and night in the lines. 
Some of the battalions which were in reserve managed 
to hold real celebi-ations, and in this they were assisted 
by the French, who took this opportunity to show their 
appreciation of America's part in the war. 

During its stay in the Lagney sector, the men of 
the Ail-American Division built an entirely new system 
of defensive trenches, including concrete pill-boxes, 
camouflage, roads and trench wiring, work in which the 
Three Hundred and Seventh Engineers, under com- 
mand of Colonel J. L. Schley, of Savannah, Ga., had 
no small share. The division in reality was expecting 
a heavy attack from the Boche and though it never 
came they were ready for it. 

As the time of the division's occupation drew to- 
ward its close, activity increased on both sides. Sev- 
eral times raiding parties had pentrated deep into the 
enemy linos, and on August Gth Companies K and M, 
of the Three hundred and Twenty-sixth Infantry, led 
by Major Homer Watkins, of Atlanta, staged a raid 
of unusual proportions. The object of the raid was 
to get information identifying the German unit op- 
posing the Eighty-second. For days the men picked 
for the raid were trained by the French on dummy 
works in the rear in exact replica of the trenches they 
were to attack. Then, with their advance covered by 
a baiTage fi-om the artillery, the two companies crawled 
out of the trenches, walked, ran and crawled over No 
Man's Land and entered the German lines, killing as 
they went. For six hundred meters they penetrated 
enemy ten-itory, blasting the Bocho out of his dugouts 



with hand grenades, bayonetting him as he tried to re- 
sist and returning at last with their mission fulfilled 
and a toll of one entire platoon of Germans killed and 
wounded, three machine guns captured, besides numer- 
ous rifles and other equipment that completely iden- 
tified the unit. 

Only one American had been killed in the raid and 
four wounded, but as the raiding party stumbled back 
into its own lines, the German artillery opened a venge- 
ful fire. Two bays filled with men in one of the trenches 
were each hit by a shell, and seventeen men were killed 
outright and fifteen wounded. The troops participat- 
ing in the raid were cited for ,their gallantry in a 
division order publi.shed August 8th. 

Casualties increased before the division was re- 
lieved, for the artillery on both sides began to engage 
in thunderous duel, and the Boche aviators, most dar- 
ing and reckless of any of his fighters, flew over the 
American lines, attacking observation balloons, en- 
gaging the Yank pursuit planes with fighting machines, 
dropping his eggs on posts of command and occasion- 
ally coming low enough to sweep the trenches with 
a hail of machine gun bullets. One German "ace" shot 
down two of the American observation balloons in quick 
succession, so that the observators were forced to take 
to their parachutes. 

The total casualties of the Eighty-second during 
its occupation of the Lagney sector were as follows: 
Killed, two ofl!icers and sixty enlisted men; severely 
wounded, six oflScers and ninety-three enlisted men; 
slightly wounded, thirteen officers and one hundred and 
fifty-nine enlisted men ; wounded, degree undetermined, 
five officers and one hundied and twenty-seven enlisted 
men; missing oi- captui-ed, one enlisted man; died of 
wounds, sixteen enlisted men ; total casualties, twenty- 
six officers and four hundred and fifty-six enlisted men. 

During the month of Auvgust and the early part 
of September, 1918 — the time that elapsed between the 
Eighty-second Division's withdrawal from the Lagney 
sector and the beginning of the St. Mihiel drive — the 
division enjoyed a period of comparative quiet, al- 
though for part of the time it was in the front lines 
and suffered no small number of casualties. 

Its relief by the Eighty-ninth Division in the Toul 
sector was completed on August 10th, and the division 
moved by hiking and by box-cars to an area west of 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



63 



Toul, with headquarters at Blenod-les-Toul. On Au- 
gust 10th orders were received assigning the division 
to the American Third Army Coi-ps, which was then 
at gi-ips with the Boche in the Marne salient. But for 
some reason or other the orders were revoked within 
twenty-four hours and the division thus missed the 
Marne battles. 

Instead the division was assigned to the Fourth 
American Ai-my Coi-ps for administration and to the 
Eighth French Army Coips for tactical control, and 
plunged into a course of training in the area where 
it was then billeted. The training period, while hard, 
was not without its compensations, for the boys were 
able to get hot baths for the first time in many weeks 
and to don fresh clothes. 

Transferred August 20 to the control of the First 
Coprs, which became part of the First American Army 
August 30,' the division was ordered to relieve the 
Second division (American) in the Marbache sector, 
beginning August 15. The One Hundred and Twenty- 
fifth French division was on the right of the Eighty- 
second and the First American Division was on the left, 
although the latter was releived a week later by the 
Ninetieth American Division. 

"War de luxe" is the way the Eighty-second speaks 
of its service in the Marbache sector. The sector lay 
astride the beautiful valley of the Moselle river, just 
bordering on the vineyards of Lorraine. Since the 
first year of the war it had ! been known as a "rest 
sector" for both the French and German troops. Here, 
it was said, the Germans brought their student offi- 
cers from Metz to break them in on patrol work. As 
for the French, they were content to let well enough 
alone, for they intended some day to have the prov- 
ince of Lorraine returned to them intact and they 
were very much averse to starting anything that 
might lay waste its bounteous fields and make of its 
prosperous cities another Verdun. 

But even here, where "war de luxe" was waged, 
came battle and death to the Eighty-second. The boche 
patrols had been quite bold at first, coming up to the 
edge of the wire on the outskirts of the town at night, 
and pitching hand grenades out of the darkness into 
dugouts. And their boldness brought retaliation from 
the Americans. Counter raids were begun and before 



long the American patrols were often penetrating deep 
into the enemy lines. 

In the Marbache sector the All-American Division 
was reunited as the same original division that left 
Camp Gordon four months ago, when it was reqoined 
by the One Hundred and Firty-seventh Field Artillery 
brigade, which had been absent from the division ever 
since the troops moved out of Camp Gordon the spring 
before. 

The reduction of the Saint Mihiel salient by the 
Americans in the second week of September, 1918, is 
recognized as one of the great achievements of the war 
and was especially notable since it marked the first 
All-American blow against the boche. 

In the victory the Eighty-second Division had a 
minor part to play, but it played that part to perfec- 
tion, while its One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Infantry 
brigade, particularly one regiment, the Three Hundred 
and Twenty-eighth, was directly in the main drive. 

For four years the Saint Mihiel salient had been 
a thorn in the Allies' side. Especially at this time, 
when it bulged out like a bag into the Allies' lines, it 
constituted a grave menace. The Yanks were given 
the job of obliterating it. How they did it history has 
told. In two days they swept formard through oil 
enemy defenses, captured their objectives, took 16,000 
prisoners and 443 guns, freed scores of French villages 
from Hun rule and established a new line that directly 
threatened Metz. And the cost of it all was but 7,000 
casualties, mostly light. 

Mighty preparations were made for the drive. Di- 
visions totalling 600,000 troops were moved forward 
at night, for the attack to be a complete surprise. 
Artillery stood hub to hub, ready to launch one of the 
most ferocious barrages the war produced. Aircraft, 
transport, tanks, ambulances, field hospitals, all the 
paraphernalia of war, were assembled at super 
strength on a line that extended about forty miles 
around the nose of the salient from Les Eparges to 
the Moselle River. 

At the extreme right of fhe line, where the salient 
bent in toward Metz, was the First Army Corps, under 
command of Major-General Hunter Liggett, its right 
rest on Pont-a-Mousson. And here, as a part of the 
corps, was the Eighty-second Division. From the po- 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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The 81st, 42nd, 30th and All Who 
Wore the Khaki 

All honor to the Boys, that went over the Sea's, 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



65 



sition of the division, on the right flank of both the 
corps and the army, it will be seen that no attack was 
to be expected from it. Its instructions were to "extrt 
pressure and maintain contact with the enemy." In 
other words, granting that the St. Mihiel salient was 
an open door, th eEighty-second was to hold the hinges 
fast while other divisions pushed the door shut. 

Therefore, when the American barrage began to 
shake the earth at 1 o'clock on the morning of Septem- 
ber 12, and when, after four hours of merciless bom- 
bardment, the infantry jumped off at the zero hour, 
all four regiments in the division pushed to the front 
strong daylight patrols whose job it was to gain close 
contact with the enemy, to keep him busy, drive in his 
outposts and get information concerning the location 
of his supporting troops. 

The patrols fulfilled their job to the limit, but 
the cost was not light. One patrol from the Three 
Hundred and Twenty-seventh Infantry had reached 
Bel Air Farm, when a strong counter attack was di- 
rected against them by the Germans. So powerful was 
the counter-stroke that the troops were forced to fall 
back against their own trenches. Here the heroism of 
First Lieutenant Robert M. Goodall, of Florida, was 
later rewarded with the Distinguished Service Cross. 

Lieutenant Goodall was leading a platoon from 
Company D, of the Three Hundred and Twenty-first 
....Machine Gun Battalion. As the boche appeared out 
of the fog and both his own command and the infantry 
seemed in danger of capture or annihilation from a 
flank attack. Lieutenant Goodall, amied only with 
his pistol, held them back and prevented them from en- 
filading down the trenches until the troops were with- 
drawn. Then, still firing, he helped a wounded soldier 
to safety and rejoining the machine guns on the Metz 
road, remained with two guns to hold the front line 
trench as the boche continued to advance. Man by 
man, his companions were shot down around him. but 
he still held on, until his guns were jammed, and then 
he fired up the last cartridge in his pistol before he, 
too, withdrew. 

The good work which the Eighty-second Division 
did on the opening day of the St. Mihiel drive brought 
the following telegram from the commanding general 
of the First Army corps to the Division commander: 



"Please convey to the officers and men of your di- 
vision my appreciation of the difficult part they had 
to perform in the highly successful operation of the 
First Corps today. This part they performed to my 
full satisfaction." 

While the Eighty-second Division came out of the 
St. Mihiel drive with thinned ranks, it came out with 
honors as well. 

A division citation was given Lieutenant-Colonel 
Emory J. Pike, divisional machine gun officer. Colonel 
Pike was directing the movements of the machine gun- 
ners at Vandiers and was also assisting the infantry 
in its advance, when he was struck by a piece of flying 
shell. He later died from his wounds. 

Another noteworthy feature of the drive was the 
work of the artillery. It was at the St. Mihiel that 
the division brigade got its first chance to prove its 
mettle. 

For two weeks following its operations in the Mar- 
bache sector and the St. Mihiel the Eighty-second Di- 
vision had a comparatively quiet time. But it was only 
the calm before the storm, for the period was to come 
to a climax in the great smash through the forest of 
the Argonne in which the division suffered its great- 
est losses and won its most undying fame. 

The division was relieved in the Marbache sector 
on September 20 and 21 by the Sixty-ninty division. 
Even its outfits which had not been participated in 
the main St. Mihiel drive had managed to stir things 
up considerably for the boche, but with the advent of 
the French, the "quiet sector" was allowed to resume 
its usual placid ways and both sides, it was said, settled 
down to their old occupation of "fishing on the banks 
of the Soille." 

On September 24 the All-Americans began their 
movement toward the north and the Argonne. The or- 
ders were for the di\ision to assemble in the vicinity 
of Clermont, west of Verdun. This they did. The 
horse transport and the artillery marched, but the 
rest of the division was transported in French trucks. 
One of the marvels of the war has been the way in 
which the French moved entire divisions, almost entire 
armies, in camions. One hundred and fifty trucks were 
alone and it miist have taken between eight hundred 
required to move one regiment of the Eighty-second 



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WE APPRECIATE THE WORK OF OUR BOYS 
AND WELCOME THEIR RETURN HOME 

MIXER & COMPANY 
Wholesale Lumber and Shingles 

Home Office BUFFALO, N. Y. 

Greensboro, N. C. 



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McClomock Supply Co 

Greensboro, N. C. 



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66 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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J. W. MURCHISON & COMPANY 




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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



67 



and a thousand to transport the entire division. 

The trip was long and tedious, and the period of 
waiting that followed was no better, marked as it was 
by rain and cold and insufficient shelter and the sus- 
pense upon every man who knew that a great battle 
was impending. Arriving at its destination on Sep- 
tember 25th and 26th, the division pitched shelter 
tents in the woods west of the Clermont-Bar-le-Duc 
road and the commander reported to the commanding 
general of the American First Army that his troops 
were ready as army reserve. 

Then began the battle of the Argonne, which will 
go down in history as one of the bloodiest fought by 
American armies in any war and which, had it not 
been for the Eight-second Division, might never have 
been the momentous victory it was for the Yanks. This 
is not exaggeration. Without boasting, without claim- 
ing undue credit for the ;^division, it is an authenic 
fact that it was its big flank push on October 7th, 
when the American drive had come to a standstill, 
that caved in the German lines and made it possible 
for the Yanks to sweep the enemy back to the banks 
of the Meuse. Incidentally, it was this attack which 
liberated the famous "lost battalion" of the Seventy- 
seventh division, the story of which has been told at 
least a dozen times in our leading magazines without 
any mention by name of the Eighty-second. 

For these reasons and for the reason that for 
twenty-five days, the longest time, it is said, that any 
division has served in the front lines without even a 
few hours' rest, the Eighty-second fought through the 
Forest of the Argonne as it had never fought before. 
The division lost 8,500 men in killed, wounded, captur- 
ed and missing. It suffered from bullets, it suffered 
from hunger, it suffered from cold, it suffered from 
shells and gast and machine guns and all the horrors 
the Hun could bring to bear. It was, for a fact, almost 
wiped out. Yet it captured in turn 845 prisoners, six- 
teen cannons, one hundred and twenty-one machine 
guns, many minnenwerfers and large quantities of 
stores. It cleared the Argonne of • the boche that 
blocked its path, it slew them wholesale, it broke the 
famous Kriemhold-Stellung line and when it was final- 
ly relieved, it finished the war with enough glory to 
last all of its members to the ends of their days. 



Early in October the Yankee divisions began to 
assemble for the starting of the steam-roller. On Sep- 
tember 29th they cranked off. With the exception of 
one regiment, the Eighty-second was not called into 
action until the drive had been going on for a week. 
That regiment was the Three Hundred and Twenty- 
seventh Infantry. It has been temporarily made First 
Corps Resei-ve and on jump-off day it was ordered to 
report to the commanding general of the Twenty- 
eighth Division. 

The regiment's function was to go forward and 
close the gap between two divisions that were driving 
forward, one on the right and one through the heart 
of the forest. The regiment bivouaced the night of 
September 29th in the woods three kilometers west of 
Varennes. Next day two battalions reinforced the 
Thirty-fifth division near Baulny and Charpontry. 

They marched forward in broad daylight in di- 
rect range of the German guns. They were shelled 
heavily. Two officers were wounded and about two 
hundred men were killed and wounded. Despite the 
shells and despite shortage of rations, they took their 
positions and held it until they were withdrawn slight- 
ly next day to the position they occupied before west 
of Varennes. There they remained until October 7th, 
when the entire Eighty-second division, which had 
passed meanwhile to control of the First Army corps, 
entered the Argonne drive on October 7, 1918, not to 
leave it for twenty-five terrible days. 

On October 6 the impetus gained at the outset by 
the Yankee divisions had spent itself in ten days of 
demoniac struggle through the fastnesses of the for- 
est. The divisions that had entered the drive at the 
gateway had been almost tut to pieces, and the ad- 
vance through the Argonne and up the valley of the 
Aire had come to a deadlock. The Huns had thrown 
into the conflict their utmost \ resources in men and 
guns, with disastrous results to American troops. The 
Thirty-fifth American division, after suffering greiv- 
ous losses, had been relieved by the First division. 
These fresh troops, by a continuous plunge on the east 
of the forest, had bitten deep into the Hun lines and 
produced a salient east of the river running north to 
Flaville. Here, too, however, the advance ihad been 
definitely stopped, while the Twenty-eighth division 



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FREDERICK D. BEAR 



Compliments of 
BEAR PRODUCE and MERCHANDISE COMPANY 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Fruits, Candies, Soda Fountain Supplies, Etc. 

Corner Nutt and Grace Streets 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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C. R. SUTTON R. M. MIDDLETON 

C. R. SUTTON AUTO CO. 

state Distributors of 




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SERVICE AND PARTS A TRUCK FOR EVERY USE 



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MANUFACTURERS OF 

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CONDENSED REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF 

Greensboro National Bank 

GREENSBORO, N. C. 

AT THE CLOSE OF BUSINESS NOV. 17, 1919 

RESOURCES 

Loans and Discounts $1,263,964.93 

Overdrafts 2,553.99 

Stocks, Bonds and other securities 339,773.29 

Banking House 77,747.58 

Customers' Liability Account Acceptance- _ 25,000.00 

Interest Earned not collected 2,836.65 

Cash and Due from Banks 629,050.84 

$2,340,927.28 
LIABILITIES 

Capital Stock $ 100,000.00 

Surplus and Profits 49,448.01 

Interest Collected and not Earned 13,340.20 

Reserved for Interest Accrued 2,380.90 

National Bank Notes Outstanding 100,000.00 

Rediscounts 28,231.97 

Acceptances executed 25,000.00 

Deposits, Ind. and Banks 2,022,526.20 

$2,340,927.28 
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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



69 



west of the Aire and the Seventy-seventh division in 
the heart of the forest were enduring heavy casualties 
without any compensating gains in territory. 

The American coupe, started so brilliantly, seem- 
ed at this critical point to be doomed to actual failure ; 
it was openly feared that the Yanks, for once, had bit- 
ten off more than they could chew. And then the 
American high command determined to stake every- 
thing on one bold stroke. 

Conceive, if you can, the appearance of the Ar- 
gonne situation at this time. In default of a better 
simile, it might be likened to a gigantic paper bag. 
Holding the bag in your hand with the top wide open, 
imagine the German armies occupying it. On one side 
of the bag were the French, exerting pressure on the 
left in an effort to push in that side of the bag. At 
the bottom of the bag was the Seventy-seventh Amer- 
ican division, trying to push it in from the bottom and 
thus flatten out the forest at one fell stroke. The 
right side of the bag was the salient created by the 
plunge of the First division, with the Twenty-eighth 
division holding the lines on that side of the bag near 
the bottom. But neither the French nor the Seventy- 
seventh nor the Twenty-eighth nor the First, having 
pushed that far, were able to push any farther. 

The plan was for the Eighty-second Division to 
enter the salient on the right and to drive the Twenty- 
eighth and the First. While they were pushing in the 
top of the bag on that side, the French were to push 
from the other side and thus the bag would be squeez- 
ed together at the top, just as you would squeeze a 
paper bag together with your hand before blowing into 
it and bursting it on your knee. And exactly the 
same thing would happen to the Germans in the bag 
as happens to your breath, unless they got out first. 
And, above all, the bag would be bursted. 

That was the plan and that was the Eighty-sec- 
ond's job. It was no ordinary task, for troops making 
such a flank attack would be exposed to counter attack 
and concentrated artillery and machine gun fire from 
the west and north ; also, to some extent, from the 
south, should- the division succeed in cutting off the 
enemy opposing the Seventy-seventh division at the 
bottom of the bag. The success of the stroke, how- 
ever, should it be successful, outweighed all other con- 



siderations, since it would free the Argonne of the 
Hun and open the path for an American drive on Sedan 
that would prove his final undoing. 

Let it be said here and now that the division ful- 
filled its mission to the last letter. That "Lost Batta- 
lion" of the Seventy-seventh, already referred to, was 
freed from Hun pressure and liberated, when the 
Eighty-second began to come in strong from the east 
and the Germans began to retreat. The complexion 
of the entire Argonne situation was changed, and in- 
stead of an American death-trap, it became the vic- 
tory with consequences so far-reaching that what hap- 
pened on November 11 can be attributed directly to 
what happened in the Argonne in October. 

For a week preceding its entrance into the Ar- 
gonne battle, the Eighty-second Division had been 
biouaced in the forest behind the American lines, 
knowing all the time that they were soon to be shot 
into the turmoil, holding themselves on the alert for 
the orders that might come at any minute. 

The boys had heard the terrific crash of artillery 
on the morning of September 29th that heralded the 
Yankee push. They had been listening for days to 
the roar of the big guns. Bulletins had come in stat- 
ing that the right of the drive was forging ahead, but 
that in the ctneral ring of the big show there was 
bloody work in the forest and the Americans were 
having all they could handle. The wounded began to 
dribble back along the roads; then came the German 
prisoners in long strings. At last the orders came. 

On October 4th the division struck its tents and 
began moving toward the front, passing as it went the 
men of the Thirty-fifth division, which had been badly 
cut up and was being relieved. The next day evidences 
of the great struggle that had been going on greeted 
them on every side — trees hacked to pieces and broken 
to bits by the ferocious American barrage; German 
trenches smashed in and the barbed wire defenses 
twisted and torn aside; a deep ravine tunneled with 
dugouts and fitted up with furniture and baths where 
the German headquarters had so lately been. At the 
latter point the division bivouaced for the night. 

On October 6 commanders of the several regi- 
ments were ordered forward to make reconnoisances of 
possible routes to be followed for the blow which the 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 



CITIZENS BANK OF WILMINGTON 



J. HAUGHTON JAMES, Pres. 
H. W. WELLS, Cashier 



T. E. SPRUNT, Vice-Pres. 
C. J. LcGRAND, Asst. Cashier 



Wilmington, 



N.C. 



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CEMENT PRODUCTS COMPANY 

Manufacturers of 

"SANISEP" 

PORTABLE SEWAG_ DISPOSAL SLST_MS 
Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 

Branch Office — 39 Cortland ,St. New York 
Branch Office — Oliver Building. Pittsburgh, Pa. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



71 



division was scheduled to strike on the flank of the 
boche. They went up in army cars over the roads 
shelled by the German artillery. They found the Ger- 
mans strongly entrenched on two high hills across the 
river overlooking the little town of Chatel-Chehery, 
which was in their possession. Units of the First Di- 
vision were facing them in shallow trenches. The point 
from which the division would have to tling its troops 
int othe fight offered no concealment for a jump-off, 
but there was no choice in the matter. 

It was under every difficulty that could be im- 
agined that the boys of the Ail-American outfit went 
over the top in the Argonne forest on the morning of 
October 7. The One Hundred and Si.xty-fourth brig- 
ade, under General Lindsey, led the attack, with the 
One Hundred and Sixty-third brigade, under General 
Cronin in corps reserve. 

Orders had been received by General Lindsey only 
the afternoon before for his troops to attack at day- 
light. The One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Field Ar- 
tillery brigade, under General Rhodes, was ordered to 
get into position during the night and support the at- 
tack, assisted by several batteries of the First Di- 
vision. 



"Like soldiers on parade," some one has said of 
them, these boys, footsore, cold and tired from their 
night's march, swept out of the shelter of the woods 
on that gray October morning and down the long hill 
raked with red-hot fire. Many of them were going to 
their death, many of them to the torture of the damn- 
en; yet they went with overcoats and blankets tossed 
aside, with set smiles on their faces under the tin hats, 
a glorious column of dull brown khaki that takes its 
place in American history side by side with the men 
who stormed Stony Point and those who charged San 
Juan Hill. 

Nor was it a battle of minutes or a battle of 
hours, but a battle of days — days of desperate ad- 
vance into the sheets of machine-gun bullets, days of 
bitter fighting in the streets of Chatel-Chehery; days 
of charging through wood and morass and wire, to 
bayonet the machine gunners at their posts; days of 
hunger and thirst and suffering from wounds and gas 
and the agony of seeing comrades shot down around 
them ; days that tried men's souls and made the ability 
to "carry on" possible only because of the fever of 
combat that had entered the blood of their veins. 




FORTIFICATIONS AROUND METZ 




72 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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RUCKER & COMPANY 
Cotton Merchants 

MEMBERS NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE 
NEW ORLEANS COTTON EXCHANGE 

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Compliments of 
ROBERSON, STRADER & CO. 

VIRGIL O. ROBERSON ZEBULON V. STRADER 
MANUFACTURERS 

Lumber and N. C. Pine Box Shooks 

Owners and Operators of 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



73 





COL. RICHARD WETHERILL AND OFFICERS 
OF THE ;i28TH INFANTRY 



WITH THE 326TH. 




THE RUINS OF THE TOWN OF RONVAUZ, NEAR VERDUN 
THE "WILDCATS" WERE IN THE LINE HERE 

FROM NOVEMBER 7, 1918, UNTIL THE 

SIGNING OF THE ARMISTICE 



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EINSTEIN BROS. 

IMI'ORTKRS and JOHBRRS 

Dry Goods and Notions 

SOLE OWNERS "EBROS SHIRTS' and "NEVER RII'- OVERALLS 
New York Office— 98 Franklin St. 



Wilmington, 



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218-220-222-224 N. Front St. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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A. B. LAMBERT, President 

A. R. LEWIS, Sec. and Treas. 

COOK-LEWIS FOUNDRY CO. 

Incorporated 

FOUNDERS 

IRON, BRASS, BRONZE AND ALUMINUM 
CASTINGS 

Office and Works — Fulton Street and Southern 
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Compliments of 
T. & H. MOTOR CO. 

Hudson, Essex and Velie Pleasure 
Cars-Diamond T and Vim Trucks 

111 South Davie Street 
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Drays 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 75 



Compliments of 
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McNAIR and PEARSALL 
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PEARSALL & COMPANY 

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Compliments of 

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S. p. McNAIR & CO. 

SUCCESSORS TO S. P. McNAIR 

WHOLESALE GROCERS 

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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 77 



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Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



Compliments of 



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WILMINGTON BROKERAGE CO. 



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THE R. W. WALKER LUMBER CO. 



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HARDWOODS 



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welcome you home and invite you to call on us. 

NUSSMAN BRICK & LUMBER 
CO. 

Incorporated 



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Brick Manufacturers and Dealers In 
Lumber, Doors, Blinds and 
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W. C. BOREN, President J. W. LANDRETH, Vice President 

H. E. CARTLAND, Sec'y. & Treas. 

ARCTIC ICE CREAM COMPANY 
Manufacturers and Wholesalers 

"THE SMILE FOLLOWS THE SPOON" 

DIRECTORS: 

W. C. BOREN, J. W. LANDRETH. H. E. CARTLAND, J. P. SWANSON, 

J. ELWOOD COX, CLAUDE KISER, C. W. GOLD, 

A. M. RANKIN, J. F. RISON 

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GREENSBORO, WINSTON-SALEM, HIGH POINT, SALSBURY 



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and 

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Capital $400,000.00 

R. G. Vaughn, Pres. J. W. Scott, Vice-Pres. 

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CHAS. B. WAGONER, V. Pres. WM. G. BROADFOOT, Sec. 

Norcott Mills Company 



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Brown Manufacturing Co. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



81 



History of the Rainbow Division 



On August 14, 1917, it was made known in America 
that a division of American troops was to be formed 
from tiie National Guard organizations in 26 states. 
Organization was to be rapidly made in order that the 
division might go overseas immediately. 

This was the beginning of the Rainbow division. 
The 26 states called on included some from practically 
every section of the United States. National Guard 
soldiers being so-called "home soldiers," naturally every 
little towi\ was represented in the various state organ- 
izations. So the important news that the Rainbow di- 
vision was to be formed created quite a flurry among 
sisters, sweethearts and homefolks. 

Mobilization at Gamp Mills on Long Island, New 
York, took place rapidly and by September 13, 27,000 
meji stood there ready and waiting for orders to sail 
to the land where they made for themselves a name for 
bravery that will always live. Assembling these men 
and clothing and equipping them had taken a little 
less than a month. However, much hard work was 
gone through by the pick of the National Guard units 
of the country in the few days before they left. It was 
early in the war and Uncle Sam did not as yet have his 
transporting system perfected. 

The morning of October 18 found the division gone, 
the men beginning to move at 2 a. m. At 6 o'clock the 
whole convoy of ships that took them to France was 
anchored down the Hudson. The ships were the Cov- 
ington, the President Lincoln, President Grant, Tena- 
dores, Pastores and Mallory. 

Tlie President Grant disappeared when the convoy 
was about three days out. Rumor spread that she 
had been toipedoed, but it was soon learned she had 
gone back on account of engine trouble. On this ship 
was a whole infantry regiment. Through careful work 
of our navy, which has never failed, the division was 
seen safely across the big pond with but few mishaps 
and no loss of life from submarines. 

It was late on October 31 that the Rainbow Di- 
vision began entering the port of St. Navzaire. The 
first impression of France was unfavorable. There was 



much rain and mud was ankle deep. Extortionate 
prices were charged at stores and cafes. Also about 
this time news came of the Russian collapse and Italian 
revei'ses. With America so far away, it seemed the 
war would last for years. 

n. 

The training schedule began in earnest. It was 
the result of the experience of the Allies, brought up 
to the minute. OfRcei-s and specialists in one branch 
or another of the new warfare attended .schools, and 
the daily drill under the eyes of French and American 
instructors included artillery, machine guns, rifles, pis- 
tols, ti'ench mortars and 37-milimeter gun target prac- 
tice; bayonet and gas diill, digging ti-enches, building 
shelters and wire entanglements, roads and bridges; 
the art and .science of liaison; maneuvers and terrain 
problems, disciplinary drill of many sorts, grenade 
throwing and marches. 

At Vaucouleurs the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth 
Infantry — the old Sixty-ninth New York — and some 
smaller elements of the division which had not been in 
the first convoy joined the division. 

The men who had had to turn back on the Presi- 
dent Grant caught up about December 12 in what was 
known as the La Fucha area, adjoining the Vaucou- 
leurs area. They had come by way of Livei-pool and 
rest ; had seen how strictly the British were regulating 
food supplies and had beenu proariously welcomed in 
England. 

The day before Christmas the division received 
orders to leave foi' the Rolampont area. So Christmas 
Day was spert in preparation for a hike that no man 
in it will ever forget on account of hardships brought 
on mainly becau.se of lack of supplies. The American 
supply system was not then what it became in the sum- 
mer of 1918. It was just before New Year's day, 1918, 
when they reached the Rolampont area. There the 
Rainbow division settled dowTi to have its equipment 
completed, get the finishing touches to its training, and 
await oi'dei's to go into the trenches. 

General Mann was succeeded here as division com- 



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ADOLPH G. AHRENS 



Compliments of 

AHRENS BROTHERS 

Wholesale Druggists 

LONG DISTANCE CONNECTIONS 



Wilmington, 



N. C. 



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Compliments of 



HARTSELL MILLS COMPANY 



COLONIAL DAMASK 



Hartsell Yarns 



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J. W. YATES, President. 

J. F. ROACHE, Cashier. 



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Compliments of 
THE PINE LUMBER CO. 

FREEMAN HAWK, President W. F. ABERLY, Sec. and Treas. 

Manufacturers, Wholesalers and Retailers of 

LUMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES, 

KILN DRIED NORTH CAROLINA PINE LUMBER. 

New Bern, - - N.C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



83 



mander by Major Gen. Charles T. Menchel. As the di- 
vision thawed out and got clothes and shoes and fight- 
ing equipment, its confidence grew. The future was 
shaping up now, growing phuner; there was fighting 
ahead, that was certain, but they wanted to fight. 

Then, on February 15, 1918, came the orders to go 
to the front. The preliminaries were over. For the 
Rainbow Division the war was about to begin. On 
February 16 the division entrained and rolled north- 
ward, toward the Luneville sector in Lorraine. From 
that direction came the smell of battle. 

III. 

It was just after the middle of February that the 
Rainbow Division finished detraining within marching' 
distance of the trenches in the Lun-eville sector — about 
ten miles back. 

A "quiet sector" is the way the War Department 
had referred to Luneville. Actually there had been no 
fighting here since 1914. It seems mainly on account 
of the beauty of the country there was a sort of tacit 
agreement between the French and Germans to spare 
the villages. Neither side used gas and very seldom 
was a shot fired in the day time. 

But with the Yanks of the Forty-second opposite 
them — a new, eager foe confident of its untried 
strength, the Germans might have knovm that their 
order of battle was to undergo a great change. 

The Germans knew now that new American troops 
were just across the way. They didn't have to depend 
upon instinct to prove it. They could see the men and 
the uniforms, just as our men could see the Germans, 
so close together were the trenches in some places. It 
was enough. 

At 4 o'clock on the morning of Mai'ch 5 the Boche 
came over, and the men of the Rainbow division had 
their first battle. 

For several minutes the German batteries poured a 
rain of shells on every trench and every known posi- 
tion from which the Americans might fire back. They 
counter-batteried the artillery; their 77s cut the pro- 
tecting barbed-wire to pieces. 

They dropped a barrage behind the trenches to cut 
off both retreat and reinforcements. It was naturally 
supposed that all the green Amei-icans who did not die 
of fright would be either killed by the fire or captured 
by the picked German raiders who now came across 



behind the barrage about 100 strong, with ready bay- 
onets. 

The American were green — they were not veterans 
and they didn't act like veterans. They were horribly 
scared, too. But they weie also at that moment the 
most alert and desperate bunch of young lowans in 
the world. 

The spot toward which the raid was directed was 
a little group of ruined brick buildings just north of 
Badonvillers, known as Le Chamois Ferme. The Ono 
Hundred and Si.xty-eighth Infantry was holding it. It 
was right at the junction of two valleys, an ideal place 
to sneak upon, but a death trap is properly defended. 

What it took to defend it properly the lowans were 
all broken out with. Within one minute after the first 
alarm they opened up down the valley with their rifies. 
the Marylanders cut loose with trench mortars, and 
the Georgians turned on the machine guns. 

It was their fii-st chance to fire and they were as 
vivacious about it as a debutante at a coming-out ball. 
The field artillery, French and American, joined in. 
Dumbfounded and maddened at the resistance, the Ger- 
mans tried to rush the trenches, but they got not even 
to the first line. Dawn, breaking slowly through the 
mist and smoke, showed three bodies in field-gray hang- 
ing grotesquely over the torn wire. 

One officer and 18 men of the Rainbow DivisiOii 
were killed in this, the first battle, and 22 were wound- 
ed. But it was a victory; the rain had been repulsed. 
No Man's Land was strewn with German dead. 

The splendid success in their first engagement 
caused the division's spirit to take a great leap and it 
also reassured the French. As a result of the first 
brush several Croix de Guerres were awarded. 

In the days that followed the Americans launched 
several raids and light attacks for themselves always 
with a certain amount of success and encouragement. 

IV. 

The Forty-second came out of the Luneville sector 
on March 20 and while preparing to march to Rolam- 
pont for a "rest," it got orders to stop. 

The great German offensive of March 21 had be- 
gun. The Rainbow Division turned around, marched 
back to the front and from that time its histoiy is al- 
most the same as the history of the war. 

When the Rainbow Division took over Baccarat 



e 



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JOE SCHAD 

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Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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WORTH OVERLAND COMPANY 



A. M. WORTH, President C. C. BELLAMY, Secretary 



Automobiles 



OVERLAND 



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Incorporated 

Funeral Directors and Embalmers 



WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 



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R. R. STONE 
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Day Phone 594 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



85 



sector it had the honor of being the first to occupy a 
divisional sector all its own, under its own commander. 
All through April the sector was quiet except for raids 
by both sides. The enemy was concentrating its main 
effort further to the north. However, day after day, 
the Americans managed to make a veiy noisy sector 
out of a "quiet" one. It was simply the American way. 

The Germans retaliated with deluges of gas. On 
the night of May 26-27 they launched a projectile at- 
tack on the village Negre, northeast of Bandonviller. 

Seven hundred big gas shells of largo calibre de- 
scended ail at once and without warning upon the Rain- 
bow Division along a front of about 400 meters. It 
caught the Iowa Infantry by sui-prise and the high 
concentration of deadly gas killed and disabled 251 of- 
ficers and men. Simultaneously, the Boches laid down 
an artillery bari'age and attempted to raid the trenches, 
but were repulsed. 

Two nights later they tried the same thing, but 
this time the Rainbow Division was ready. It had im- 
proed its gas discipline and its losses were only 53 of- 
ficers and men. 

By June 21 the Rainbow Division was out of the 
trenches. It had been holding the Baccarat sector three 
full months. This record for continuous duty was 
neither broken or approached by any other American 
division throughout the war. Still the division was 
not to rest even now. It was moved to another part of 
the front. 

Marshal Foch, learning of the Germans' planned 
attack against Chalons, availed himself of General Per- 
shing's offer and looked about for one high-spirited and 
hard-fighting American division. So it was the Rain- 
bow Division, a five-months-old American war-baby, 
was a unit, the only American unit, in Gouraud's plan 
of defense. 

It was a novel defensive plan. It was the greatest 
and most successful of plans for the defense of an old- 
time trench system; for as this proved to be the last 
of the great trench battles of the war, so also was it 
the fiercest and most decisive. 

The most threatening advance on Paris had been 
stopped earlier in the summer, but that Allied success 
had not broken the German power of large-scale of- 
fensives. 

Gouraud had abandoned his first-line system and 



turned it into a mass of death traps. No soldiers were 
there except the handful of French men in sacrifice 
companies, prepared to face certain deaths for the sake 
of keeping the Germans fooled into believing that the 
signal flares and rockets they sent up by night and 
their ovm visible movements by day meant that the 
first line was full of troops. 

Ai-med with machine guns, they were to await 
there, first in deep dugouts while the bombardment 
went on, then in the midst of labyrinths of wire so 
thick that they could not get out and no one else could 
get in, and they were to delay the German advance and 
separate the German infanti-y from the German bar- 
rage, until overwhelmed by sheer force of numbers. 

At sunset the evenijig before the attack they 
were pitching horseshoes inside their barbed-wire back- 
yards. 

So all the German bombardment on the first lines by 
trench artillery and minenwerfer would be time, labor 
and amnfunition wasted. 

For its first real infantry defense, Gouraud had 
moved his troops back to the intermediate line, about 
three miles from the German positions. On the ex- 
treme left, just south of Auberive-sur-Suippes were the 
Third and Second Battalions of the One Hundred and 
Sixty-fifth Infantry, all New Yorkers, and the Third 
Battalion, One Hundred and Sixty-sixth, from Ohio, 
and on the extreme right, northeast of Souain, were 
Alabamians of the Second Battalion, One Hundred and 
Sixty-seventh Infantry, and lowans of the Second Bat- 
talion, One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry. Be- 
tween the Alabamians and the New Yorkers ran the 
ancient Roman road to Chalons-sur-Marne. They were 
the guardians of the pass. 

In the second line, from left to light, five miles 
from the German positions, were the One Hundred 
and Seventeenth Engineers from California and South 
Carolina, ready to fight as infantry; First Battalion, 
One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Infantry; First and Sec- 
ond Battalions, One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Infantry; 
First and Third Battalions, One Hundi-ed and Sixty- 
seventh Infantry, and First and Third Battalions, One 
Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantiy. Mingled with 
them were French soldiei's of the One Hundred and 
Seventieth Division on the left and the Thirteenth Di- 
vision on the right. The Rainbow Division had been 



fr 



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THE F. E. HASHAGEN CO. 

Distributing agents for 

"TIDAL WAVE" and "WHITE ROSE" FLOUR 

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86 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

Compliments of 

Harvey W. Hoyer 

Contractor and Builder 

Rooms 415-416 
Murchison National Bank Building 

Wilmington, N. C. 

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(t r — ' ■ % 

Compliments of 

Hanover Iron Works 

Horace T. King, Proprietor 
Stieet Metal and Roofing Contractors 

III North Water Street 

WILMINGTON, N. C. 



^ -^ "^ 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



87 



brigaded with two French infantry divisions. 

The farthest advanced American unit in the battle 
system was the One Hundred and Seventeenth Trench 
Mortar Battery, from Maryhind. It was out beyond 
the intermediate line on the right, charged with the 
duty of delaying the German advance with showers 
of bombs. 

General Gouraud began his barrage at 11 o'clock. 
Until November 1, during the Argonne-Meuse offensive 
that chorus of guns held the Allied record for volume 
of sound and devastating effect. 

It was timed to coincide with the probable massing 
of the German armies for the attack, or at least with 
the manning of the German artillery for the prelimi- 
nary bombardment. 

It paled the clear light of the moon ; whei'o the 
guns were the horizon was red as sunset with thfair 
muzzle flashes; over the German lines and rear areas 
the sky flamed with shell explosions. 

The Rainbow men, with nothing in their war ex- 
perience except the desultory cannonading of the Bac- 
carat sector came out of dugouts and elephant-hacks 
to watch the spectacle. When they shouted to one an- 
other "great sight, ain't it !" they had to shout through 
cupped hands directly in a comrade's ear. 

They stood there feeling a little sorry foi' the 
enemy who had to endure such punishment; but ex- 
ultant to think in what a terrible mess his plans for 
the night's work must be — artilleiy smashed before it 
could get under way, stoiTn troops demoralized, am- 
munition dumps going up. And while they thought 
these things the world went suddenly mad beneath their 
feet and hideous death I'an rampant over every foot of 
ground. 

VI. 

Like a monster blanket the German barrage fell 
on a 42-mile Allied front on the night of July 14. It 
seemed that every gun the Germans had began firing 
at once. A dive into the nearest hole was the only 
thing to do for the Americans who were watching the 
effects of their own barrage. 

The Hun bombardment was terrific. Only the first 
German offensive on the Somme in 1918 rivaled that 
barrage; the attack on Verdun in 1916, compared to it, 
was mere harrassing. The firing continued until 4 
o'clock and then lessened in violence while the German 



infantry, six divisions in all, began its attack. They 
were the pick of German troops. 

Finding the front line deserted, mines and gas 
clouds in the place of men, the Boche were surprised; 
more so when the French sacrifice companies came out 
of their holes and turned loose machine guns on them. 
In the face of artillery fire that tore huge holes in 
their advancing ranks and in the path of direct hits 
from Allied high explosive shells, the Germans kept 
on to the Allies' first leal line of defense. 

In that part of the line held by Alabama troops 
some of the fiei-cest fighting of the war took place. 
When the Amei-icans opened fire all the Germans that 
could dropped in communicating trenches and con- 
tinued sneaking forward under cover. From that time 
on no American in that part of the fight remembei-s 
very clearly what happened, except in his own particu- 
lar patch of giound. Tlien and there the battle of the 
Champagne became a rough-and-tumble fight with 
bare knives — man against man, with blades, fists, teeth 
and rifle butts. The Germans were stopped here. 

However, the fate of the right of the line seemed 
to hang in balance. German tanks had been able to 
advance here and the Allied artilleiy was not having 
the same deadly affect as in the center and on the left. 
So when the peril of the right wing seemed very real, 
the Alabamians showed great courage by the first 
counter-attack of the battle against the picked and 
proud Prussian troops. They advanced by plattoons, 
the first plattoon never retunied, but the Alabamians 
were successful. 

The armies were still fighting when the sun arose. 
Tlie first shock of the last German offensive had fallen 
on men who would not yield an inch. Throughout the 
entire fight the left of the line held by New York and 
Ohio troops, held its own. The Fi-ench more than held 
the center and aided in a counter-attack on the right. 

Throughout the day of July 16, the enemy tried 
to break through by means of ruses and tricks, buthad 
little success. On the night of the 16th they gave up 
hope and the hand-to-hand fighting ceased. The Allies 
had won the decisive battle of the war. The Hun be- 
came spiteful and ragged in defeat, he shelled the reai- 
areas as far back as Chalons and sprinkled the earth 
with bombs from the sky. An American hospital, am- 
munition, supplies and everything within i-ange was 



e 



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R. A. PARSLEY, Sec. and Treas. 



Compliments of 
HILTON LUMBER COMPANY 

Manufacturers of _ _ 
ROUGH AND DRESSED NORTH CAROLINA PINE 

Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



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AHOxsiH avM aiaoM VNnoavo hxhon 



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Alexander Sprunt and Sons 

INCORPORATED 

COTTON 



Established 1866 



Wilmington, 



N. C. 



James Spnjnt, Chairman 
W. H. Sprunt, President Walter P. Sprunt, Vice-Pres.W. J. Bergen, Asst. Sec. 
J. L. Sprunt, Vice-President D. H. Lippitt, Treasurer Alex Sprunt, Asst. Sec. 



NEW YORK 
HOUSTON, TEXAS 



CHARLOTTE, N C. 
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA 



HAVRE, FRANCE 
ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND 



Employes of Alexander Sprunt & Son Inc., who served in the war. 



J. Laurence Sprunt 
Alexander Sprunt 
J. Dalziel Sprunt 
Douglas H. Sprunt 
Thomas Sparrow Payne 



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Lawrence S. Everett 
Walter Kenneth Gaylor 
Joseph S. LeMoyne 
David H. Holmes 



Royce S. McClelland 
Ernest R. Burriss 
Elmo Padgett 
John C. Carter 
Newton Fisher 



Men from Wilmington North Carolina who never came back: 



Arthur Blenthenthal 
H. Tate Moore 
James Craig Loder 
Erastus J. Nelsom 
David Worth Loring 
Loi'en Fennie Mason 
John Victor Grainger, 
Arthur Hewlett 
Edward Peden, Colored 
George Summerlin 
Edward James Fox 



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Jr. Archie H. Melt.on 

JoJseph H. Loughlin 
Hari'y Poi'ter 
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Manning Hall 

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Harry F. Shaw 

Thomas J. Bullock, colored 

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Colin Mackneace McRae 

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The Wilmington Savings and Trust Company 

110 Princess Street 

Organized March 1, 1888 

Capital paid in $ 25,000.00 

Capital earned 75,000.00 

Present capital $ 100,000.00 

Earned SURPLUS 400,000.00 

Resources 4,500,000.00 

OFFICERS: 

C. E. Taylor President 

H. Walters Vice President 

J. W. Noi'wood Vice President 

W. Hull Moore Cashier 

J. G. Thornton Assistant Cashier 

C. S. Grainger, Jr Teller 

DIRECTORS: 

Henry Walters J. V. Grainger J. W. Norwood 

J. D. Bellamy, Jr. H. L. Vollers D. O'Connor 

Donald MacRae D. H. Penton R. H. Northrop 

J. L. Williams H. C. Bear N. B. Rankin 

W. V. Hardin Lyman Delano C. E. Taylor 

4 Per Cent Interest, Compounded Quarterly, Paid on Deposits 



L 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



89 



shelled with great damage. Roads were obliterated. 
But the line had held. The bodies of Americans in the 
Rainbow Division had barred the road to Chalons. 

The Rainbow Division was relieved by Moroccan 
troops on July 18. General Gouraud told the officers 
and men that the division had put a new spirit in 
France. After this date the tide of war turned. 

On the morning of the 29th the entire Rainbow Di- 
vision made a general attack, not, only upon Sergy and 
Muercy Farm, but upon the plateau betwoen. It was 
not a rush this time; it was a painfully slow crawl. 

German machine guns blazed from fields of tall, 
yellow wheat on top of the plateau. From the tall 
grass a brown streak would suddenly shoot ahead for 
a yard or two and disappeai- from view while the Ger- 
man guns blazed at it. 

A moment of quiet, then off to the left another 
brovm streak and a burst of bullets from the wheat. 
Then in the center another, then another to the right, 
until a half dozen men were headed toward that single 
German machine gun, advancing in quick dives, now 
left, now right, now center; and whenever a man dived 
a volley of rifles from his comrades answered the sput- 
ter of the machine gun. 

And soon — though it might be a half hour or an 
hour, and though a sheaf of bullets might have caught 
one of those brown streaks in midair so that it never 
dived again — a little ring of men in alive drab would 
be around that machine gun nest and "a kill" would 
be on. 

One by one the German machine gun nests grew 
silent. As the day waned the clatter of them, like the 
clatter of riveting hammers, came from farther and 
farther to the north. 

The lowans took Sergy. They got some machine 
guns in a near crest of Hill 220, from which they could 
fire into the German nests in the Arbre les Jomblets 
and the Bois de Planchette. 

Here on Hill 220, Sergt. B. W. Hamilton, of M Com- 
pany, One HuvdiTd and Sixty-eighth Infantry, wound- 
ed while out ahead of his own line, was attacked by 
10 Prussian Guardsmen. He shot five and the rest ran 
away. 

German gumers were being chained to their guns; 
it was becoming necessary. And since men at bay 
will always fig'H for their lives, the fights around the 



machine gun nests in the Battle of the Ourcq were 
nearly always fights to the death. 

The Rainbow Division took few prisoners in 
(hat battle; its record of prisoners captured 
throughout the war fell short of the records of one 
or two other divisions; it usually fought to kill. 
That was the cruelty of which the Germans spoke. 

With this advance of the Rainbow Division 
through the first of the Ourcq's great defo\ses the Ger- 
man high command too, because alarmed for the dignity 
of its retirement from the Chateau Thierry salient. It 
began putting in resei'ves. 

Opposite the Rainbow Division there was now, 
fi'om left to right, the Tenth Landwehr Division, the 
Sixth Bavarian Reserves, the Fourth Prussian Guai-d 
and the Two Hundred and First Division. Nowhere 
else along the whole fighting front were German troops 
massed so densely as opposite the Rainbow Division, 
the Twenty-eighth and the Third American Divisions 
at this stage of the Ourcq battle. 

By 8 o'clock on the night of July 30, Colonel Fair- 
child, the Rainbow Division surgeon, had reported the 
losses in wounded alone as 3,276 men from the begin- 
ning of the fighting at La Croix Rouge Ferme. 

Of the killed no record could be kept at that time, 
the brave men who had died were out there in the wav- 
ing wheat fields, and the bodies of some of them had 
floated down the Ourcq. 

But ncithei- losses nor German reinforcements 
could stop the Rai'^bow Division, now that it had start- 
ed. The Foret de Nosles lay before it, full of German 
defenses, and from the woods on Hill 220 machine guns 
still raked the positions of the One Hundred and Sixty- 
eighth. 

The Rainbow's fighting methods grew more and 
more successful. The division outgamed and outfought 
the best soldiers in the German army, which at this 
time WPS in full retreat from the Ourcq. The pursuit 
started the r'ext morning. The Forty-second advanced 
through the Forest de Nesles nearly five kilometers be- 
yond the point from which it started. The Germans in 
their huri-y to get away blew up great ammunition 
dumps, but the Rainbow came so closely upon their 
heels that they deserted nearly 30,000 shells which the 
division captured intact. 

A line runnirg between Mont St. Martin and Cheiy 



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e 



WITH FULL APPRECIATION OF THE GREAT 
SERVICE RENDERED 

PACKARD DODGE BROTHERS 

W. D. MacMILLAN, JR, 

108-110-112 North Second Street 

Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



BUICK 



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90 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



J. E. SLATER 

Compliments of 

BROADDUS & IVES LUMBER CO. 

Manufacturers of 

NORTH CAROLINA PINE 

Band Sav^n, Kiln Dried Rough and Dressed 

MIXED CAR SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY 

New Bern, N. C. 



Compliments of 

E. K. BISHOP, President J. 5. CLAYPOOLE, Sec'y & Treas. 

E. K. BISHOP & CO. 

Incorporated 1914 

Wholesale Grocers 

New Bern, N. C. 

Special Prices in Car Lots Storage Warehouses For 

Salt a Specialty Cotton and Fertilizers 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



91 



Chartreuve was the limit of the Rainbow's advance; 
between the first-named point and La Croix Rouge 
Ferme the distance was 17 kilometers — the longest ad- 
vance by any division attacking between Soissons and 
Rheims. 

There a relief of the Rainbow by the Fourth Di- 
vision, which had been progressing during the pursuit, 
was completed,' but the artillery stayed in position for 
several days assisting the Fourth to maintain a footing 
beyond the Vesle River. 

The weather was hot, and the country full of 
American — and thousands of dead horses. The men 
were dirty; baths were next to impossible. But in- 
stead of being withdrawn from the salient, which seem- 
ed on the verge of becoming a pest hole, the Rainbow 
Division infantry was held in reserve for nearly a week. 
Sickness broke out. 

VIII. 

At St. Mihiel the Rainbow Division played a most 
important part, covering itself with glory, collectively 
and individually, that will always be praised in Amer- 
ican history and spoken of in many generations to fol- 
low. After the famous battle had subsided into a mere 
mopping-up process, there seemed nothing else to be 
done there, but the Rainbow had a way of keeping its 
hand in. 

Wherefore, before it left the St. Mihiel salient it 
gave the Huns one last swat. It was only a raid, but 
a raid that left 50 Germans dead on the field and 25 
prisoners, to say nothing of the information gained. 
The division's next move was toward the Argonne- 
Meuse fioiit to take part in the last great drive of the 
war. 

The great Argonne drive was the last participated 
in by the Rainbow Division. It was the end of their 
brilliant record of months of hard fighting. The di- 
vision had to finish its fighting with as stiflf a battle 
as any that preceded, but it had learned much in these 



previous battles and it took but two days to smash the 
Boche and send him reeling back towards his own Hun- 
land. 

Then began a race of the various American units 
for Sedan, a race that ended in a draw, and after that 
came the order "On to Germany." 

IX. 

For with the fighting all done and the armistice 
in effect, the Rainbow Division was assigned to the 
Ainiy of Occupation. Immense preparations were made 
for the hike to the Rhine, the men dressing up and 
stripping other divisions of equipment to replace its 
own battle-torn things. The first stop was at Mont- 
medy, where the division "butted into" a reception 
given by the town to President and Mme. Poincare. 

Belgium was too dazed by the suddenness of peace 
to do more than stare at the American column when it 
entered Belgian town on its march to the Rhine. How- 
ever, they soon realized what the entry of the Rainbow 
Division meant — a real rainbow of hope it was to 
them — and they brought out their rarest old wines, 
which had been buried for four years, to feast their 
liberators. 

Germany beaten, and with her armies back inside 
her own border, made quite a different sort of person 
of the German in the first days after the armistice. 
As the Americans marched into Hunland the populace 
there cringed and tried to conciliate the occupying 
forces. The Yanks, however, had orders not to fra- 
tei-nize, and they didn't accept when it meant food 
after a long day's march. 

The most interesting part of the Rainbow's his- 
tory as fai- as the sui-\'iving heroes and their loved 
ones were concerned, was the division's return home. 
Thry were welcomed in America with demonstrations 
and receptions that few fighting bodies have ever en- 
joyed in the histoiy of the world. 



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Compliments of 

E. A. METTS. President D. D. BARBER, Vice-Pres. & Gen, Mgr. 

D. M. CARROLL, Secretary & Treasurer 

THE WORTH CO. 

Established 1853 

WHOLESALE GROCERS 
Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



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92 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

Compliments of 

C. L. IVES, Prest. & Mgr. D. C. McCOTTER, Vice-Pres. 

G. ALLEN IVES, Treas. 

W. K. STYRON, Secretary 

New Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer 




MANUFACTURERS 
Cotton Seed Products 

And 

High Grade Fertilizers 

FACTORY & MILL, RIVERSIDE, NEUSE RIVER 

S^ew Bern, ---___ N. C. 



vv^ ^ ^J 



Compliments of 

Ivy Damask Mill, Inc. 

R. LEE MAHALEY, ^re^. LONNIE A. MAHALEY, Treas. 

Fine Table Damask 

SALISBURY, N. C. 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



93 



History of The 31st Division 



As a unit the Thirty-first Division never obtain- 
ed any of the glory on the battlefields of France that 
many other divisions did. But it was not the fault of 
the same, many men of the division were in as much 
fighting and demonstrated just as much true heroism 
during the great war as did any of the soldiers who 
were strictly! identified with their respective divisions. 

It so happened that Thirty-first men were right 
in the thickest fighting while attached to other units. 
Their praises have been sung long an loud; hundreds 
were cited for bravery; while many were recipients 
of scores of medals. 

The Thirty-first was named the Dixie Division 
because it was organized at Camp Wheeler, Macon, 
Georgia, soon after declaration of war by the United 
States, and was composed of strictly southern men 
throughout practically the whole of its existence. 

After the Rainbow, 42nd Division, was formed by 
taking National Guard units from 26 different states, 
the remainder of the National Guard men in the states 
of Georgia, Florida and Alabama formed the nucleus 
around which was built the Thirty-first Division. 

They were stationed at Camp Wheeler, the tented 
city, wheere they were soon joined by recruits from 
Camps Pike and Gordon, who filled the ranks. and 
caused Wheeler to develop into one of the largest 
camps in the country. Many recruits were sent from 
Birmingham and other parts of Alabama to Camp 
Pike and Alabama men were among those who were 
sent from Pike to Wheeler where they were in train- 
ing many months before finally entraining. Alabama, 
Florida and Georgia troops were sent also to Camp 
Gordon and other camps only to be transferred later 
to Camp Wheeler. 

Macon affoi'ded an ideal location for a camp. 
This city's and other Georgia hospitality afforded 
the Dixie boys pleasure and recreation that shortened 
the long days of hard training and preparation. In- 
deed, it has been said, were it not for the splendid 
treatment afforded, the men at Wheeler would have 



finally lost much of their interdest in life, so long were 
they at this camp and so monotonous grew the inten- 

liut as lor goin to France the division's men for a 
lienches in i ranee to "'life-time stay in camp," as 
long time encountered the same sort of luck as did 
sive drill and instructions. Practically every man 
wanted to move. They prefeiTed the front line 
many expressed it. 

scores oi other patriotic Americans who were kept 
awaj- by fate from the big uolngs on the other side of 
the pond. It came to a point when everybody at 
Wheeler was saying, "Join the Navy and see the worla 
— join the army and see Camp Wheeler." 

On top of displeasure at remaining in camp so 
long an epidemic of pneumonia hit Wheeler and caus- 
ed even more downcast spirits. For a time large num- 
bers daily succumbed to i the dreadful disease, while 
the hospitals were overcrowded with patients who 
were fighting for life. Great alarm was felt in all 
Dixio homes for the loved ones who were stationed 
there. Pneumonia's death toll grew to such an extent 
that the entire country became disturbed and prayed 
that the medical men, fighting the suckness night and 
day, would be able to stop at once the awful loss of 
life. This, they finally succeeded in doing only after 
many hardships. The Spanish influenza also hit 
Wheeler hard, but when this disease was at its heigfiht 
a large portion of the Thirty-first had gone. 

Toward the last of summer of 1918, Illinois and 
Michigan troops were sent to Wheeler to fill gaps left 
by a large number of casuals who had gone overseas. 
With the coming of these northern yanks, the Thirty- 
first Division could no longer be classed a strictly Dixie 
outfit. 

On October 27, 1918, most of the Thirty-first Di- 
vision was on its way to France. About this date the 
entire division set sail from Hoboken, following the 
casuals and others who had gone over during the sum- 
mer. Thirteen days was about the average time it 
took the ships to carry them over. Very little trouble 



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Compliments of 

M. W. Divine & Company 
PAINTS 

Wilmington, - - _ . 



N.C. 



23 Market St. 



Sash, Doors, Blin:U. 

Plate & Window Glass, 

Roofing & Sheathing Paper, 

Builders* Hardware 



Ready Mixed Paints, 

White Lead, Linseed Oil, 

Varnishes, Enamels, Bru.shcs, 

Lubricating Oil;^. 



J 



94 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 



J. G. BALL CO. 

Wholeslae Groceries 



133 and 135 South Wilmington Street 



Raleigh, N. C. 

Sell to Merchants Only. 



%^ 



JP 



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COMPLIMENTS OF 

THE RALEIGH FURNITURE CO. 

T. E. GREEN, President 

Dealers in Fine Furniture and 

House Furnishing Goods 

119-121 East Hargett Street 

Raleigh, N. C. 



COMPLIMENTS OF 

JAMES E. THIEM 

Successor to 
THE OFFICE STATIONERY COMPANY 

Everything for the Office 

JOBBER AND RETAILER 

Loose Leaf Devices, Filing Cabinets, Desks, 

Chairs, Blank Books 

Sporting Goods, Books, Games, Stationery, 

Kodaks 

RALEIGH, - - - - N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 95 

was encountered with submarines because by now the up and assigned to various units throughout France. 

underseas craft had been practically defeated. Some of Di.xie's men came back to America within 

Nearly all the Americans in France were being a month, others came back in the months to follow, 

used to push the Germans when the Thirty-first set while the summer of 1919 found some of them still in 

sail. 'The Huns had begun to run but there was a France 

hurry-up call from the Allies for more reserves to in- , ^, .„. 

jr,. , ,, e- , I,- VI Among the officers in .command of the Thirtv- 

flict on the enemy some final crushing blows. * xmii-j' 

But shortly after the division reached Brest the ^'^^^* ^* different times were Generals French, Hayden 

armistice was signed, meaning no fighting for the di- ^"^ Lyons. The latter was in charge of the division 

vision while intact. The Thirty-first Division was split as it went to France. 



Compliments of 

ROBERT R. BELLAMY 

Wholesale Druggist and Manufacturing Chemist 

Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



%. 



(ft ' —\ \ 

Compliments of 

HORTON MOTOR COMPANY 

JAS. T. HORTON, Proprietor 

PARTS AND ACCESSORIES 

117-119 E. Morgan St. Phone 1575 

Hudson and Essex Cars 

BRUNSWICK TIRES AND TUBES 

Raleigh, N. C. 



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Compliments of 

ROSE GROCERY COMPANY 

Groceries, Feeds, Produce 

Durham, North Carolina 


^ 




WHOLESALE ONLY 


• 




C. C. THOMAS MARSHALL B. WYATT 




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96 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HiSTORY 



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Farms and Suburban Property Sub-divided, developed 

and Sold at Auction 



%= 



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DANIEL ALLEN 



W, G. ALLEN 



ALLEN BROTHERS 



Real Estate 



8 WEST MARTIN STREET 



FRANK ALLEN 



RALEIGH, 



N. C. 



% r 



B. R. JOLLY, Pres. J. S. WYNNE, Vice-Pres. 
F. M. JOLLY, Treas R. W. WYNNE, Sec. 

THE JOLLY & WYNNE JEWELRY 
COMPANY 

Jewelers & Optometrists 

128 Fayetteville St. 

Raleigh, N. C. 



COMPLIMENTS OF 



H. MAHLER'S SONS 



%= 



^ % 



Jewelers 



ESTABLISHER 1858 



^ 



"^ 



RALEIGH, 



N. C. 



^ 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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97 



CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY 
YADKIN RIVER POWER COMPANY 

OPERATE A HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 
IN THE EAST-CENTRAL PORTION OF NORTH CAROLINA 

SUPPLYING 

ELECTRIC LIGHT POWER AND HEAT 



Al 



so 



GAS AND STREET RAILWAY 



Always At Your Service 



%= 



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' ^ 


THOMAS H. BRIGGS 


& 


SONS 




Dealers In 






Hardware 


, Builders' Supp 
and Ranges 


ies 


, Stoves 


The 


Big Hardware 


Men 




Raleigh, N. C. 






%= 






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Style Headquarters Where Society 
Brand Clothes Are Sold 



"The Vogue" 



for Men 



MANHATTAN SHIRTS 

ALWAYS SOMETHING IN HABERDASHERY 

AND HATS 

"Vogue Suits Me" 

RALEIGH, - - - - N. C. 



%= 



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Compliments of 

ALDERMAN & COMPANY 

Wholesale Confectioners 

307 S. Wilmington Street 
RALEIGH, N. C. 



%= 



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Compliments of 



KAPLAN BROS. CO. 
Raleigh, N. C. 



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98 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 

THOMAS & HOWARD COMPANY 

Wholesale Grocers 

Durham, N. C. 

DURHAM, N. C, GREENSBORO, N. C, COLUMBIA, S. C. 

GREENVILLE, S. C, SPARTANBURG, S. C, CHARLOTTE, N. C. 



Compliments of 
AUSTIN-HEATON COMPANY 



BRANDS 
OCCO-NEE-CHEE 
SELF-RISING-FLOUR 
PEERLESS SUPERLATIVE 
PATENT FLOUR 



J, S. CARR, JR. 

Chair. Board of Directors 

W. M. SPEED 

President & Treasurer 

C. H. WILLIAMS 

Asst. Cashier 

M. A. BRIGGS 

Secretary 



Durham, N. C. 



%= 



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Compliments of 

MERCHANT'S BANK 
Durham, N. C. 



\^ 



# 



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Compliments of 



IFMeEatj 




%mm 




Durham, North Carolina 



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^ NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 99 



We heartily appreciate the work of our boys 
overseas and welcome your return. 

T. B. Jenkins Tobacco Company 

INCORPORATED 

LEAF TOBACCO DEALERS 

Goldsboro, N. C. 



^ 



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Compliments of 


^'^ 


Hmpire Manufacturing 


Co. 


Thi 


ee Ply Gum Panels and Packing Cases 
Pine Lumber and 1 ruck Packages 






GoldsborOj N. C. 




- 




J' 



100 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

Compliments of 
F. B. SHORT M. E. ROBINSON 

BUILDERS SUPPLY COMPANY 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

Lumber, Sash, Doors, Columns, Laths, Shingles, 

Roofing, Paints, Lime, Cement, Etc. 

GOLDSBORO, ------ N. C. 

((( % 

Compliments of 

J. L, BORDEN, President M. L, LEE, Sec'y & Treas. 

Utility Manufacturing Company, Inc. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Three Ply Veneer Packing Cases and Panels, 

Strongest, Lighest and Most Economical 

Package Made. 

Goldsboro, - - - - - N. C. 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



101 



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We Carry 



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The largest stock of Farm Machinery and Supplies 

in the Carolinas 

Stalk Cutters 
Planet Jr. Cultivators Tractors 

Plows Gasoline Engines 

Nails Kerosene Engines 

Wire Fencing Churns 

Roofing Castings 

Disc Harrows Spike Harrows 

Farm Wagons Fruit Jars 

Mowers Threshers 

Cotton Gins Reapers 

A full line of repairs carried in our warehouses. 

JOB P. WYATT & SONS CO., RALEIGH, N. C. 

"The Leading Seed House of the Carolinas" 

WHOLESALE RETAIL 

Send for our large illustrated 1920 Catalogue of Farm, 
Machinery and Field, Garden and Flower Seeds. 



% fr 



""^ 



Compliments of 



HOWARD WHITE 



LUMBER 



Daily Capacity 250,000 Feet 



Offices 701-702-703-705 



COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK BUILDING 



Raleigh, N. C. 



%= 



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MILLS TIRE CO. 

W. Hartwick Mills 

Distributor for Firestone Tires, Tubes, Truck 
Tires, Vulcanizing 

Goodyear, Hood, Diamond, United 
States, Firestone 

Raleigh, N. C. 
FIRESTONE TRUCK TIRES APPLIED 



^ 



102 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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H. I. WOODHOUSE, Pres't. 
J. W. CANNON, Vice Pres't. 



C. W. SWINK, Cashier 
W. G. CASWELL, Asst. Cashier 



Compliments of 

CABARRUS SAVINGS BANK 

Capital $ 1 00,000.00 Surplus $ 1 00,000.00 

CONCORD, N. C. 



%= 



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W. R. MURRAY COMPANY 

Dealers In 
ARTISTIC AND HIGH-GRADE 

Pianos, Player-Pianos, Organs and 

Edison Diamond Disc Phonographs 

Established 1887 — Incorporated 1904 

Office and Warerooms — 122 E. Main Street 

DURHAM, N. C. 



%. 



S. D. ARROWOOD, President 

A. H. HOOVER, Sec. & Treas. 

Compliments of 
HOOVER HOSIERY COMPANY 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Silk and Mercerized Hosiery 
CONCORD, NORTH CAROLINA 



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Compliments of 

CiiaBt0ttta Qlnttfln iMaitufarturtttg QI0. 

Yarns and Scrims 



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SNOWFLAKE LAUNDRY 



GASTONIA, 
First Class Work 



W. M. Morris, Proprietor 

NORTH CAROLINA 
Prompt Delivery 
Phone 13 



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J> 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 103 

Compliments of 

"J. L. BORDEN, President GEO. B. BYNUM, Sec. and Treas. 

Goldsboro Furniture Manufacturing 

Company 

PERIOD BED ROOM SUITES 



I 



Goldsboro, - - - N. C. 



ffr ^ 

Compliments of 
JOE ROSENTHAL LESLIE WEIL LIONEL WEIL 

H. WEIL & BROS. 

Established 1865 

Goldsboro, - - - N. C. 



104 



NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



e 



-% 



Compliments of 

VENABLE TOBACCO CO., Inc. 

Leaf Tobacco Brokers 
4th District 

Storage Capacity 10,000 HHDS. 

Durham, N. C, U. S. A. 



%= 



^ 



# 



%= 



Compliments of 

SNIDER-FLETCHER COMPANY 

Diamonds, Watches 

and Jewelry 

DURHAM, . - - - N. C 



1 



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# 



=^ 



Statement of the Condition of 

HOME SAVINGS BANK 

DURHAM, N. C. 
November 17, 1919 



RESOURCES 

Loans and Investments % 997,024.36 

Furniture and Fixtures 1,499.90 

Cash in Vault and in Banks 1&6, 190.36 

Total $1,154,714.62 

LIABILITIES 

Capital Stock $ ^2'^^^-?^ 

Surplus and Profits Ji^Al^ll 

DEPOSITS - 1,051,650.52 

Total $1,154,714.62 

We welcome small and large accounts and 
pay 4 per cent interest. 



Geo. W. Watts, Pres. 



T. B. Peirce, Cashier 



%. 



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i 



Compliments of 

O. C. Upchurch R. C. Upchurch L. M. Massey 

O. C. UPCHURCH & CO. 

Dealers In 

HEAVY AND FANCY GROCERIES 

105 Parrish Street Phone 136 

Durham, N. C. 



% 



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Compliments of 



W. T. MINOR, Gen. Mgr. 

E. F. SHARPE, Parts Dept. 

FIRE PROOF 

GRAND-CENTRAL GARAGE 

Operated by DURHAM BUGGY CO. 
State Agents For 

Winton and Mitchell Sixes 

CAPACITY 300 CARS— PHONE 1500 

DEPARTMENTS: — Battery Department, Re- 
pair Department, Vulcanizing Department, Re- 
painting Department, Trimming Department, 
Accessory Department, Machine Shop. 



Durham, N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



106 



IF 



%. 



W. DUKE SONS & CO. BRANCH 

Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company 

Durham, N. C. 

With best wishes always to Our Boys from 
LIGGETT & MYERS TOBACCO COMPANY 



^= 



fr 



J. S. CARR, JR., President 

A. M. CARR, 1st Vice-Pres. 

A. H. CARR, 2nd Vice-Pres. 

C. M. CARR, Treasurer 

W. F. CARE, 
Secretary and Asst. Treas. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 
No. 1 Durham, N. C. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 
No. 2 Durham, N. C. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 
No. 3 High Point, N. C. 



Compliments of 

Durham 
Mills 



111^11.1.0 \ji. 

Hosiery 



Durham, N. C. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 

No. 4 Carrboro, N. C. 

Shipping Point Chapel Hill, 

N. C. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 

No. 5 Goldsboro, N. C. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 

No. 6 Durham, N. C. 



New York Office 

88 Leonard St. 

Chicago Office 

Continental & Commercial 

Bank Building 

208 S. LaSalle Street 

San Francisco Office 

619 Hobart Building 

582 Market Street 



DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 

N6. 7 Carrboro, N. C. 
Shipping Point Chapel Hill, 

N. C. 
DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 

No. 8 Mebane, N. C. 

DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS 

No. 9 Finishing Mill 

Durham, N. C. 



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Compliments of 


PUBLIC HARDWARE COMPANY 


Phone 185 


107 and 109 Parrish St. 




Durham, N. C. 


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pliments of 


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SHEPHERD 


FURNITURE 


CO. 


Music 


Department 




Comer Corcoran and Parrish Sts 




Durham, 




N.C. 

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106 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 

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W. W. STORM, President E. Z. KING, Sec. and Treas. 

C. C. WILSON, Superintendent 

ESTABLISHED 1859 

WILMINGTON IRON WORKS 

Incorporated 

HERRING BONE GRATE BARS 

ENGINEERS, FOUNDERS, MACHINISTS, BOILERMAKERS 

AND BLACKSMITHS 
ELECTRIC AND ACETYLENE WELDING AND CUTTING 

RAILROAD AND WHARF FACILITIES 

OFFICE AND WORKS FOOT OF ORANGE STREET 

Builders of Special Machinery 

Plans and Estimates Furnished on Request 

Manufacturers Agents 

Dealers In Industrial and Marine Engineering Specialties 

and General Mill Supplies 

Mill, Marine and Locomotive Repairs a Specialty 

WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 






UNITED STATES FOOD ADMINISTRATION LICENSE NO. G-06226 

Compliments of 

HALL & PEARSALL, Incorporated 

Wholesale Grocers 

Office and Shipping Depot 
Between A. C. L. & S. A. L R R Depots 713-719 Nutt Street 

Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



107 




TOWN WHERE THE EIGHTY-FIRST DIVISION 
WAS IN ACTION 



GRAVES OF HEROES OF THE EIGHTY-FIRST AT 
MORANVILLE, FRANCS 




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Cotton Brokers 

Staples a Specialty Bell Phone 51 

Codes 1878-1881 
Gastonia, North Carolina 



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J. B. ATKINSON 

Wholesale Lumbe and Boxes 

GASTONIA, N. C. 



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Compliments of 

THE LANCE PACKING CO 
Charlotte, N. C. 



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108 NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



Compliments of 
THOMAS F. WOOD 

Incorporated 

Ship Chandlers and Provisioners 

NOS. 1-3-5 PRINCESS AND 102 NORTH WATER STREET 

PHONES: — Shipping Dept. 474 — Office 475 

Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



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Compliments of 

THE CORBETT COMPANY 

Commission Merchants &: Manufacturers Agents 

Meat, Lard, Flour, Sugar, Grain and Mixed Feed 
NUTT AND BRUNSWICK STS. 

Wilmington, - - - - N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 109 



Compliments of 

O. MARKS & SON 

WHOLESALE SHOES 

Manufacturers Agents 

New Bern, _ _ . _ N. C. 






Compliments of 
NEW BERN COCA-COLA BOTTLING WORKS, Inc. 




BOTTLERS M mjgjmM/mJS^^W^W UNDER AN 



Exclusive License from the Coca-Cola Company, of Atlanta, Georgia. 

Also Bottlers of High Class Sodas, Ginger Ale, Etc. 

BELL 'PHONE 28 C. A. SEIFERT, Manager 

New Bern, N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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Compliments of 
THE PEOPLES BANK 

MEMBER OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 

WILLIAM DUNN, Chairman of the Board; T. A. UZZELL, President; 

C. D. BRADHAM, Vice-Pres.; E. C. REA, Cashier; 

W. C. CHADWICK, Asst. Cashier. 



New Bern, 



N. C. 



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W. A. Mcintosh, Pres. Harry Murray, V.-Pres. 
C. D. Cherry, Sec. & Treas. 

Compliments of 
McINTOSH GROCERY CO. 

( Incorporated ) 

Wholesale Grocers 
15 MIDDLE ST. NEW BERN, N. C. 



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Compliments of 
FOWLER AUTOMOBILE CO. 

Distributors of 

DODGE, BUICK, CHALMERS, MAXWELL, 

CADDILAC AND NASH AUTOMOBILES 

New Bern, N. C. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY HI 

Compliments of 



THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK 
Capital $250,000 Surplus $250,000 



Gastonia, N. C. 



WM. B. ANDERSON, President J. W. TIMBERLAKE, Vice-President 
WALTER E. DANIELS, Sec. & Treas. 

GASTONIA & SUBURBAN GAS CO. 

E. C. POWELL, Manager 

Gastonia, - - _ N. C. 
Not Poison Gas, but Gas for cooking, 
Heating, Lighting 

G. & S. G. CO. 



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NORTH CAROLINA WORLD WAR HISTORY 



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J. K. DIXON, Pres. & Treas. 
L. L. JENKINS, Vice-Pres. 

A. M. DIXON, Asst. Treas. & Supt. 
E. N. PEGRAM, Secretary. 

Compliments of 
TRENTON COTTON MILLS 

Manufacturers of 

Fine Combed Yarns 
36's, 40's, 50's AND 60's 

ONE, TWO AND THREE PLY— WARPS, 
SKEINS, TUBES AND CONES 

GASTONIA, N. C. 






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Compliments of 
SPENCER ATKINS BOOK CO. 

"GASTON I A'S QUALITY BOOK SHOP" 

J. White Ware, Pres. Geo. B. Mason, V-Pres, 

A, M. Spencer, Sec. & Treas. 

Gastonia, N. C. 



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A. M. SMYRE, President FRED L. SMYRE, Vice-President 

C. M. BOYD, Sec. & Treas. 

Compliments of 

GASTONIA HARDWARE COMPANY 

General Hardware and Mill Supplies 

PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES, BICYCLES, AND BICYCLE AND 

AUTO ACCESSORIES 
210-212 West Main Avenue 



Gastonia, 



N.C. 



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That Great Mother, The American Red Cross 

There is no need to remind you who have been in France of what the Greatest Mother in the World 
did for you there. You know how she went into danger and hardships with you, how she comforted, fed 
and warmed you, how she kept you in touch with your family at home and how she helped that family over 
many a weary bit of road while you were away. 

Now that you have come home, the Greatest Mother is not making an end of her services to you. If 
you go into camp, you will find the Red Cross there bsfore you, ready to perform those thousand and one 
little acts of friendship that make you feel that someone is really interested in you; if you have been 
wounded and must spend some time in a hospital, the Red Cross will supplement the care the Government 
will give you. It will give you wholesome recreation that is the best aid to the skill of the surgeon; it 
will give you intesesting occuoation for your hands or your mind to help the long days pass more quickly; 
it will help you fit yourself to return to civilian life and take up a new occupation; it will give you advice 
or material aid or the solutin to your particular problem of life. There is no line drawn beyond which 
the Red Cross can not or will not go; the scope of its service to you is limited only by your need. 

When you return to your home, the Red Cross will still not forget you. The Home Service Section 
that was friend and adviser to your family during the dark days of your absence is ready to perform the 
same service for you. It adjusted your allotment and allowance difliiculties while you were in France; it 
will give you information now as to the provisions the Government has made for you and help in secur- 
ing your $60.00 bonus; it will make your re-establishment in civil life as easy as is possible under the in- 
dividual circumstances, and, if your term of service has left you physically weakened, it will see that you 
have the proper care. It will be your lawyer, your doctor, your nurse, if necessary, even your banker, 
and it will do all this because it is your friend. 

Then, when the Red Cross has done its utmost for you, when it has discharged its debt of love and gra- 
titude of of the American people to the American soldier, it wants yur help in doing for the world what 
only the organized love and kindness of the world can do. Article twenty-five of the revised covenant of 
the League of Nations reads as follows : "The members of the League agree to encourage and promote 
the establishment and co-operation of duly authorized voluntary National Red Cross or^anizatio is, h jving 
as purposes the improvement of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of suffering through- 
out the world." The American Red Cross e.xpects to play a large part in the program now being mapped 
out, the purpose of which is to carry health, happiness and higher ideals of living and of citizenship into 
the farthest corners of the earth and to make each one of us his neighbor's keeper. And to do this the 
Red Cross wants the good will and help of every American soldier. If what the Red Cross has been able 
to do for you has been of value, help the Red Cross to do the same service to suffering humanity wherever 
it may be. 

POMONA MILLS 



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D. B. COLTRANE, President 
Concord, N. C. 



G. O. LIPE, Superintendent 
C. J. DEAL, Sec. and Trcas 



Linn Mills Company 



Manufacturers of 



Cotton Yams 



WEAVING YARNS IN PLIES 

Cones, Tubes, Warps 

8's to 14's 

LANDIS, 



HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR 

Yams 

Extra Carded 30's 

NORTH CAROLINA 



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C. J. DEAL, President G. O. LIPE, Superintendent 

L. A. CORRIHER, Sec. and Treas. 



Corriher Mills Company 



Manufacturers of 



High Grade Yams 



FOR HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR 
26's AND 28's 



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LANDIS, 



NORTH CAROLINA 



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North Carolina's Biggest and Best 
Deparfment Sforc— 



S. COPLON & SONS 

NEW BERN, N. C. 



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e employ more people than any one Store in the State 



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LIBRARY OF 



CONGRESS 



020 9344440 



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